A SHARI’AH PERSPECTIVE ON ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC POLICY MAKING FOR THE ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEM: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

As a vicegerent of Allah Subhanahu wa ta’ala, human beings are entrusted to pursue revealed teachings, rights, and preserve order and harmony of nature with other forms of life and physical elements. This study investigates the awareness, attitude, and behaviour of households to suggest policies and economic incentives to improve the air quality in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The results show that the level of awareness and attitude towards air pollution is high among the household respondents. However, the behaviour of the respondents is very low. The public policymakers should focus on developing policies to encourage the environmental behaviour of Malaysians. The beliefs of man need to be changed to protect the environment. An Islamic way of life that includes environmental consciousness, simplicity, planning, legislation, monitoring and resource development are crucial institutions to keep track of developments for environmental public policymaking in the Islamic economic system. =========================================== Kebijakan Publik tentang Lingkungan untuk Sistem Ekonomi Islam dalam Perspektif Syariah: Studi di Malaysia____________________ Sebagai khalifah Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala, manusia diperkenankan untuk mengikuti wahyu, mengejar hak-hak dan pertapaan yang diwahyukan dan harmoni alam dengan bentuk kehidupan dan elemen fisik lainnya. Studi ini menyelidiki kesadaran, sikap, dan perilaku rumah tangga untuk menyarankan kebijakan dan insentif ekonomi untuk memperbaiki kualitas udara di Klang Valley, Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesadaran dan sikap terhadap polusi udara tinggi di kalangan responden rumah tangga. Namun, perilaku responden sangat rendah. Pembuat kebijakan publik harus fokus pada pengembangan kebijakan untuk mendorong perilaku lingkungan orang Malaysia. Keyakinan manusia perlu diubah untuk melindungi lingkungan. Cara hidup Islami yang mencakup kesadaran lingkungan, kesederhanaan, perencanaan, legislasi, pemantauan dan pengembangan sumber daya merupakan institusi penting untuk melacak perkembangan pembuatan kebijakan publik lingkungan dalam sistem ekonomi Islam.

ENVIRONMENTAL RECLAMATION AS STRATEGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY

The environmental change by the society is recurring and has been intensified since the first civilizations. However, the lack of conservationist practices has caused the emergence of degraded areas, whose recovery is fundamental for the sustainability. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing the environmental recovery as a public policy strategy supported in the Brazilian legislation. As methodology, a documental and analytical research was developed on the regulations, discussed at a multidisciplinary perspective, from the view of legal and engineering specialists, from the agricultural and environmental areas. As a result, it was identified a collection of rules pointing at a significant commitment on the definition of guidelines. On the other hand, this meaningful quantity of legal mechanisms, associated to misalignment, may cause damages to its effectiveness. In conclusion, we can consider that environmental reclamation is widely regulated, and it represents one of the main strategies of the environmental public policy adopted in Brazil. Nevertheless, it still requires advances to combine harmoniously practical and theoretical-conceptual aspects. Thus, considering the moment that Brazil is consolidating a new Forestry Code, we hope that the achieved outcomes can contribute to the debate and mobilization about the environmental reclamation as a strategy for sustainability.