MICROBIOLOGICAL AND TREATMENT STUDIES OF OVINE FOOTROT INFECTION IN MOSUL AREA

It emerges from bacteriological study that it is possible to isolate many bacterial types and yeasts from the lesions of footrot infection in sheep. Anaerobic cultivation came out with the isolation of Spherophorus spp. (24%), Bacteroides spp. (60%), Corynebacterium spp. (64%), Enterobacteracae (76%), Streptococcus spp. (76%), Staphylococcus spp. (36%), Clostridum sordellii (46%) and Irichosporon cutaneum (4%). On the other hand aerobic cultivation rendered the isolation of Corynebacterium spp. (100%), Entrobacteracae (100%), Staphylococcus spp. (15%), Penicillium spp., Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichosporon cutaneum. Five different drug combinations were studied for their efficacy in the treatment of ovine footrot. Their healing rates were as follows : oxytetracycline (59%), oxytetracyclin with formaline (70.9%), Procaine penicillin and streptomycin (72.5%), Procaine penicillin and streptomycin with formaline dipping (80.76%), Formaline alone (63.8%). All kinds of treatment indicated statistically significant differences to exit between the treated (experimental) and untreated (control) groups

Rhamnolipids as a Tool for Eradication of Trichosporon Cutaneum Biofilm

Microbial biofilms formed by pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms represent a serious threat for public health in medicine and many industrial branches. Biofilms are involved in many persistent and chronic infections, the biofouling of water and food contamination. Therefore, current research is involved in the development of new treatment strategies. Biofilm is a complex system, and thus all aspects of the measurement and monitoring of its growth and eradication in various conditions, including static and dynamic flow, are issues of great importance. The antibiofilm character of rhamnolipid mixtures produced by four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was studied under different conditions. For this purpose, the biofilm of opportunistic pathogen Trichosporon cutaneum was used and treated under static conditions (microscope glass coverslip in a Petri dish) and under dynamic conditions (a single-channel flow cell). The results show that the biological activity of rhamnolipids depends both on their properties and on the conditions of the biofilm formation. Therefore, this aspect must be taken into account when planning the experimental or application design.

Microbial lipid fermentation of Trichosporon cutaneum in high saline water

Fermentative production of microbial lipid requires high fresh water input. The utilization of high saline seawater or industrial wastewater is an important alternative to reduce the freshwater consumption. This study revealed that oleaginous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum was tolerant to a high salinity up to 130 g/L of NaCl after long-term adaptive evolution. Lipid fermentation of T. cutaneum in seawater achieved the lipid production of 31.7 g/L with approximately 36% greater than that in freshwater. The saline water containing phenol was also tested for lipid fermentation and 23.6 g/L of lipid was produced simultaneously with the complete biodegradation of phenol. An interesting phenomenon was also observed that the yeast cells spontaneously segregated onto the upper surface of the saline water. This study extended the lipid fermentation options with practical application potentials.

Synthesis of Novel Benzylic 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides and their in vitro Activity Against Clinically Common Fungal Species

A library of novel benzylic 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides (3a-m) were obtained with acceptable yields via a one-pot procedure. The series of compounds was screened for fungicidal activity and evaluated in vitro against four filamentous fungi and four Candida species. The former consisted of Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichosporon cutaneum, Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor hiemalis, and the latter C. krusei, C. albicans, C. utilis and C. glabrata. According to the in vitro assays, 3d and 3e were the most efficient fungicidal agents (of all the test compounds) against R. oryzae, even better than the reference drug (itraconazole). Thus, 3d and 3e represent important scaffolds that can be modified to increase antifungal activity. Additionally, they are candidates for complementary studies on the inhibition of clinical infections produced by Rhizopus spp. strains. Resumen. Se obtuvo una librería de nuevos bencil 1,2,3-triazoles-4-carboxamidas (3a-m) con rendimientos aceptables mediante un procedimiento one-pot. La serie de compuestos se seleccionó para determinar la actividad fungicida llevando a cabo una evaluación in vitro contra cuatro hongos filamentosos y cuatro especies de Candida. Los primeros consistieron en Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichosporon cutaneum, Rhizopus oryzae y Mucor hiemalis, mientras que para las segundas especies, esta fueron C. krusei, C. albicans, C. utilis y C. glabrata. Según los ensayos in vitro, 3d y 3e fueron los agentes fungicidas más eficaces (de todos los compuestos de prueba) contra R. oryzae, incluso mejores que el fármaco de referencia (itraconazol). Por tanto, 3d y 3e representan importantes núcleos que podrían modificarse para aumentar la actividad antifúngica, siendo excelentes candidatos para estudios complementarios sobre la inhibición de infecciones clínicas producidas por Rhizopus spp.

Ocorrência de leveduras na cavidade oral e traqueia de aves de rapina

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa isolar e identificar leveduras da cavidade oral e traqueia de aves de rapina. Para este estudo, utilizaram-se 17 aves de rapina (três carcarás (Caracara plancus), 11 gaviões-carijós (Rupornis magnirostris), 1 coruja-das-torres (Tyto furcata) e duas corujas-orelhuda (Rhinoptynx clamator). As amostras foram colhidas da cavidade oral e traqueia com auxílio de swabs estéreis. Foram cultivadas 34 amostras em ágar Sabouraud dextrose com cloranfenicol (100 mg/L) e incubadas em aerobiose à temperatura ambiente por um período mínimo de sete dias e máximo de 15 dias, sendo observadas diariamente. Foram isolados 14 (93,3%) amostras de leveduras da cavidade oral e apenas uma (6,7%) da traqueia. Dos 15 isolados, 14 (93,3%) foram obtidos de amostras de gavião-carijós (Rupornis magnirostris) e uma (6,67%) em carcará (Caracara plancus). As espécies identificadas foram: Candida albicans (13,3%), C. parapsilosis (20%), C. tropicallis (26,7%), C. magnoliae (6,78%), Candida sp. (13,3%) e Trichosporon cutaneum (20%). O isolamento e identificação de leveduras em aves de rapina é epidemiologicamente importante para uma melhor compreensão dos processos patológicos na cavidade oral e na traqueia das espécies estudadas, uma vez que seu conhecimento permite adoção de medidas para a prevenção de doenças causadas por esses agentes oportunistas.