Digital Technology in Diagnostic Breast Pathology and Immunohistochemistry

Digital technology has been used in the field of diagnostic breast pathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for decades. Examples include automated tissue processing and staining, digital data processing, storing and management, voice recognition systems, and digital technology-based production of antibodies and other IHC reagents. However, the recent application of whole slide imaging technology and artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools has attracted a lot of attention. The use of AI tools in breast pathology is discussed briefly as it is covered in other reviews. Here, we present the main application of digital technology in IHC. This includes automation of IHC staining, using image analysis systems and computer vision technology to interpret IHC staining, and the use of AI-based tools to predict marker expression from haematoxylin and eosin-stained digitalized images.

Fighting Cancer with Bacteria and Their Toxins

Cancer is one of the most important global health problems that continues to demand new treatment strategies. Many bacteria that cause persistent infections play a role in carcinogenesis. However, since bacteria are well studied in terms of molecular mechanisms, they have been proposed as an interesting solution to treat cancer. In this review, we present the use of bacteria, and particularly bacterial toxins, in cancer therapy, highlighting the advantages and limitations of bacterial toxins. Proteomics, as one of the omics disciplines, is essential for the study of bacterial toxins. Advances in proteomics have contributed to better characterization of bacterial toxins, but also to the development of anticancer drugs based on bacterial toxins. In addition, we highlight the current state of knowledge in the rapidly developing field of bacterial extracellular vesicles, with a focus on their recent application as immunotherapeutic agents.

Shipping pattern may be altered according to available refining capacity

Alternate optimal solutions in the mathematical programming solution of a real-world problem are rare, unless there are multiple objective functions. In a recent application of 2 mathematical programming solvers to a problem of crude oil logistics, I obtained 2 different optimal solutions. The almost optimal solutions obtained from the convex combinations of the 2 optimal solutions, are feasible as real transportation choices, if the optimal solutions cannot be implemented. It was observed that the 2 solutions led to different capacity utilization at the refineries downstream, and so do the many solution alternatives. This is useful information for the petroleum company during downtime for maintenance or capacity expansion.

Insight in the Recent Application of Polyphenols From Biomass

Biomass polyphenols are bio-active macromolecules with distinct chemical structures in a variety of biomass. In recent years, the study of biomass polyphenols and their application in food and medicine fields has become a research hotspot, which predominantly focuses on the preparation, purification, structural identifications, and measurements of biological activities. Many studies describe methodologies for extraction and application of polyphenols, but comprehensive work to review its physiological activities like drugs and health products are lacking. This paper comprehensively unlocks the bioactivities of antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, neuroprotection, control of blood sugar, regulation of blood fat, and promotion of gastrointestinal health functions of polyphenols from different biomass sources. This review will serve as an illuminating resource for the global scientific community, especially for those who are actively working to promote the advances of the polyphenols research field.

Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy

This review is the analysis of the article «Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy» written by a scholar from Nigeria Dr. Olubukola S. Adesina. This article deals with the recent application and development of the so-called digital diplomacy in the field of politics and traditional diplomacy. It includes an extensive analysis of this phenomenon, its characteristics, its development, as well as the debates that accompany this new trend little studied so far. In addition, the article discusses the cases of the use and growth of digital diplomacy or e-diplomacy, as it has been called in various spaces. In a very complete way, basic aspects of the concept of digital diplomacy are presented, from its various definitions to the controversy it has generated in the diplomatic community traditional slant. The entry of digital diplomacy into the diplomatic sphere is explained as an effect of the technological explosion of the 2000s. However, the author makes a clarification regarding the differences among various cases, in terms of implementation of this concept. Also, the discussion about the birth of a new type of diplomacy and new actors capable of influencing international relations is analyzed. Furthermore, new functions, roles and effects of social networks in the diplomatic world and their meanings for international relations are investigated. Finally, one of the strong points in this article is the analysis of the risks and benefits that digital diplomacy presents to the modern foreign policy making.

Functional cure for chronic hepatitis B: accessibility, durability, and prognosis

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance is regarded as the ideal endpoint for antiviral treatment in terms of drug withdrawal safety and improvements in prognosis. However, the overall rate of HBsAg clearance is low and differs based on treatment method and course. The recent application of combined and extended treatment strategies have improved the HBsAg clearance rate, and several patients achieved HBsAg clearance in clinical treatment. In addition, the durability of and clinical outcomes after HBsAg clearance have become the focus of both researchers and clinicians. This article reviews HBsAg clearance in terms of accessibility, durability, improvements in prognosis and relevant advances.