Degree of naturalization of non-native plants on dumps

The presence of non-native plants on dumps in Kuzbass was studied. 26 plants included in the Black Book of Flora of Siberia were identified: Acer negundo, Amoria hybrida, Atriplex sagittata, Conium maculatum, Conyza canadensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Echinocystis lobata, Echium vulgare, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Epilobium adenocaulon, Hordeum jubatum, Impatiens glandulifera, Lactuca serriola, Lepidium densiflorum, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Lupinus polyphyllus, Malus baccata, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Oenothera villosa, Pastinaca sativa, Plantago lanceolata, Senecio vulgaris, Solidago сanadensis, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Ulmus pumila. Non-native plants occur at all stages of syngenesis and are of great importance in the formation of the vegetation on dumps. Colonophytes-agriophytes and epecophytes have a high degree of naturalization: Amoria hybrida (mountain taiga subbelt), Epilobium adenocaulon, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Oenothera villosa (mountain taiga subbelt), Pastinaca sativa, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Ulmus pumila (southern forest-steppe subzone).

The Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L), A Proposed Remedy as to a Fertile Agent in the Viewpoint of Iranian Traditional Medicine

Background and Objective: Infertility is a major problem in medical sciences. Despite recent advances in diagnosing and treatment of infertility, it is still one of the most important medical problems. The aim of this study is to review the role of the parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L), a proposed remedy as to a fertile agent in the viewpoint of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) and review the evidence in the conventional medicine. Methods: In this literature research, we investigated some important Persian medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts in ITM. The search was conducted with the keyword of the fertile agent, and the parsnip was one of the choices mentioned as a fertile agent which is also available. In order assess the current findings, a search was done in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: In ITM, the parsnip is recognized as a stomach astringent, liver and uterine tonic and Stimulates ovulation. It is named as semen or sexual desire increaser and fertile agent. In the viewpoint of ITM, attention to the health of main or vital members of the body (including the heart, brain, and liver) in addition to the health of the urogenital system, may have led to the treatment of infertility. Conclusion: In some studies, the effects of the parsnip on spermatogenesis, number, and sperm motility are investigated but no studies have been done on women's infertility. This review shows that the parsnip can be as a fertile agent in female infertility. So, further clinical research is recommended.

Identification and Quantification of a Phytotoxic Metabolite from Alternaria dauci

Alternaria dauci is the causal agent of Alternaria leaf blight (ALB) in carrot (Daucus carota) crops around the world. However, to date, A. dauci has received limited attention in its production of phytotoxic metabolites. In this investigation, the bioassay-guided isolation of the extract from liquid cultures of A. dauci resulted in the isolation of two metabolites identified as α-acetylorcinol (1) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), based on their spectroscopic data and results from chemical correlation reactions. Testing of both metabolites in different assays showed an important phytotoxic activity for p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2) when tested in the leaf-spot assay on parsley (Petroselinum crispum), in the leaf infiltration assay on tobacco (Nicotiana alata) and marigold (Tagetes erecta), and in the immersion assay on parsley and parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) leaves. Quantification of the two metabolites in the crude extract of A. dauci kept at different times showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2) is one of the first metabolites to be synthesized by the pathogen, suggesting that this salicylic acid derivative could play an important role in the pathogenicity of the fungus.