Spicy Plant Raw Materials in Choux Dough

Introduction. Semi-finished choux dough has neither vitamins nor minerals. However, its nutritional value can be increased by adding vegetable raw materials. The research objective was to evaluate the possibilities of using spicy vegetable raw materials in the formulation of semi-finished choux dough. Study objects and methods. The study featured fresh parsley (Petroselinum crispum), basil (Ocimum), celery (Apium) leaves and stems, and IR-dried powder of celery stalks. Standard research methods were used to determine the sensory, physico-chemical, and nutritional properties of the resulting choux samples. Results and discussion. Classical semi-finished choux dough with craquelin served as control sample. Fresh spicy vegetable raw materials degraded the sensory characteristics of the product. However, powdered celery stalks did not interfere with the taste of the choux dough. They were added in the amount of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% by weight of wheat flour. The celery powder gave the dough a sour-spicy flavor, as well as increased the content of vitamins B (up to 10%) and beta-carotene (up to 70%) in the finished product. Conclusion. The sample with 5% of IR-dried celery powder proved optimal for choux dough. It increased the content of vitamin B2 and beta-carotene, thus improving the nutritional value of the semi-finished product. In future, the powder can be tested as part of bakery filling in combination with ingredients that mask the typical celery taste.

The Effectivity of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Extract on The Growth Inhibition of Candida Albicans

Background: Denture stomatitis is a type of Candida-associated infection that mainly affects the palatal mucosa. Candida albicans is one of the normal flora that is considered to be the primary etiologic agent in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. Denture decontamination is necessary to prevent denture stomatitis. One method of decontamination is by immersing removable dentures in an antifungal solution. Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a medicinal plant showing antifungal activity. Objectives: To determine the effectivity of immersion of acrylic resin Plate in parsley extract on inhibition of growth of Candida albicans. Methods: The effectivity of immersion of heat-cured acrylic resin plates in parsley extract on inhibition of C. albicans growth was tested using an experimental laboratory study with a post-test-only control group design. Thirty samples were divided into 5 groups as 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.05% parsley ethanol extract, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite, and sterile aquadest. The number of colony forming units per mL was obtained after calculating the colonies on SDA media, allowing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained according to the formula. Results: 0.01% parsley ethanol extract is MIC with a mean of 7.4 CFU / ml, which inhibited the growth of C. albicans by 31.05%. The Kruskal Wallis test (p<0.001) results indicate that there is an effectivity of immersion of acrylic resin plate in parsley extract on inhibition of growth of C. albicans. Conclusions: The immersion of acrylic resin plates in parsley ethanol extract with a concentration of 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% has effectivity on the inhibition of growth of C. albicans.

Application of Phytotests to Study of Environmental Safety of Biologicaly Synthetised Au and Au/ZnO Nanoparticles Using Tanacetum parthenium Extract

Due to their small sizes and high reactivity, nanoparticles have a completely different toxicity profile than larger particles, and it is difficult to predict their potential ecological impact. There is a need for broad ecotoxicological studies of nanomaterials in order to specify their environmental impact and ensure safe application of nanotechnology products. In this work, we have assessed the toxicity of Au and Au/ZnO metal nanoparticles obtained with the use of Tanacetum parthenium (herba) extract. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry (UV–VIS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to assess the toxicity of biologically synthesized nanoparticles, we used seeds of various plants: Lepidium sativum, Linum flavum, Zea mays, Salvia hispanica-chia, Lupinus angustifolius, Petroselinum crispum subsp. Crispum, Beta vulgaris, Phaseolus vulgaris. The in vitro phytotests showed that gold nanoparticles at a specific range of concentrations for all plants stimulated their growth. The highest growth activity was exhibited by the solution at the concentration of 0.300 mg/ml towards corn (Aw ≈ − 135 ± 16) and flax (Aw ≈ − 44 ± 10). Only for parsley the IC50 was determined at 0.57 mg/ml, but solutions at the concentration of 0.030 to 0.150 mg/ml also stimulated plant growth. Au/ZnO had a toxic effect at all concentrations applied in the study.

Arsenic content and phenolic compounds in parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) cultivated in Vojvodina region, Serbia

Randomly collected samples of parsley and celery from different localities were analyzed to determine their quality based on arsenic concentrations, phenolic constituents and the antioxidant capacity of their edible parts. Arsenic concentrations were found in the range: parsley root (0.16 μg/g d.m.) < celery root (0.19 μg/g d.m.) < parsley leaf (0.35 μg/g d.m.) < celery leaf (0.45 μg/g d.m.). Total phenolic contents in roots were similar in both species and varied significantly depending on the cultivation site: 5.03-9.18 mg eqGA/g DE in parsley and 5.04-8.50 mg eqGA/g DE in celery. Lower total flavonoids content was recorded in celery. Among the phenolic acids, ferulic, chlorogenic and several cinnamic acids dominated. Apigenin and its glucosides dominated among flavonoids. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) it can be concluded that the As content varied depending on the geographical origin of the samples. Also, phenolic compounds showed a significant contribution on PCA clustirng, indicating that cultivation site has a clear significant impact on the metabolites profile, while As content in plants did not significantly affect phenolic compound profile.

Phytoplasma diseases of vegetable crops in Russia

Phytoplasma DNA was detected in 72 samples of vegetable crops collected in eight regions/territories of the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Crimea. The analyzed plants belonged to 13 species (Armoracia rusticana, Artemisia dracunculus, Capsicum annuum, Conundrum sátivum, Cucumis melo, Cucurbita maxima, Daucus carota var.sativus, Melissa officinalis, Petroselinum crispum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum melongena and Vicia faba), to 7 families (Apiacea, Asteracea, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae). The belonging of phytoplasma to a group/subgroup was established by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplicons obtained in nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We identified phytoplasmas of four groups most characteristic of the Russian Federation: Aster yellows - 16SrI, X-disease - 16SrIII, Clover proliferation - 16SrVI and Stolbur - 16SrXII. All phytoplasmas isolated from plants collected in the southern regions of the Russian Federation (Astrakhan and Rostov regions, Krasnodar Territory, and the Republic of Crimea) belonged to stolbur group, subgroup 16SrXII-A, like most phytoplasmas from plants of the Samara region. Phytoplasmas of the 16SrVI group were found in plants from the Moscow, Samara, and Novosibirsk regions, the 16SrIII group - in plants from the Vologda and Moscow regions, and the 16SrI group - only in samples from the Moscow region.

Acute and Subacute Toxic Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Petroselinum Crispum Mill. in Male and Female Wistar Rats

The present study is part of a vast program of the valorization of the medicinal flora and to help the populations to make a real profit from the use of plants in order to avoid any problem of poisoning. Petroselinum crispum Mill. (Apiaceae) is a plant, whose therapeutic virtues are diverse. The toxicological aspect of the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum leaves in male and female rats was investigated. The acute toxicity study with the single dose of 5000 mg/Kg body weight shows that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic orally. According to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guideline 423, the oral LD50 for this extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the sub-acute toxicity study (OECD 407) showed that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Petroselinum crispum did not show any toxic effects at doses 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and would have an orexigenic effect after 28 days of treatment. The different histological sections showed that the aqueous extract of Petroselinum crispum is not toxic on the vital organs and appears to be hepatoprotective.

Effects of Composts Made from Broiler Chicken Residues and Blended with Biochar on the Minerals and Phenolic Compounds in Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.)

Soil amendments, such as composts and biochar, are currently widely used as substrates in container gardening. Although different types of wastes have been used in composting, formulating growing mediums for specific plants using different materials is necessary. In the present study, organic substrates comprising mixtures of (a) broiler chicken wastes composted with sugar bagasse, sawdust, urban tree, napier grass, or cotton residues, and (b) five different proportions of biochar (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were used to produce mineral and flavonoid-rich parsley plants. The sawdust-based substrate led to the highest yields (27.86 g pot−1 on average), regardless of the amount of biochar added; however, this substrate resulted in plants with no appreciable antioxidant activities. Plants grown using the tree-based substrate had moderate yields (16.95 g pot−1), and the highest phenolic levels (e.g., 7.93 mg GAE g−1) and antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging activity over 11.17 g TE g−1). Such activities were better described by the presence of apigenin-7-apiosylglucoside and diosmetin-apiosylglucoside. Moderate yields were also obtained with the cotton-based substrate; however, such yields were only obtained at biochar proportions greater than 30%; this substrate led to the highest K contents (47.19 g kg−1). The lowest yields (3.20 g pot−1) and N (20.96 g kg−1), P (1.33 g kg−1), K (33.26 g kg−1), and flavonoid (13.63 mg CE g−1) contents were obtained with the napier-based substrate. However, this substrate led to the production of parsley plants with the highest levels of anthocyanins (0.40 mg CGE g−1), which may have accumulated as stress sensors and defense components. The bagasse-based substrate also led to high yields and appreciable flavonoid contents with 60% biochar. In most cases, no linear relationship was found between the biochar amount and the chemical parameters evaluated. Overall, the substrates formulated using urban tree residues had higher suitability for parsley development than those formulated using sugar bagasse, sawdust, napier grass, or cotton residues.