Gloeocantharellus andasibensis sp. nov. (Gomphaceae) from Madagascar

Gloeocantharellus andasibensis sp. nov. is recognized by orange-red basidiomata with a convex to plane, innately fibrillose and viscid pileus, ellipsoid to amygdaliform, small, verrucose basidiospores, and a distinct nrITS sequence. This is the first record of the genus from Madagascar. To improve the understanding of the nomenclature of the genus, the type specimen of G. okapaensis and specimens of G. lateritius and G. corneri accessioned in the fungarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew were also sequenced.

A new species of Resupinatus (Agaricomycetes) with merulioid hymenophore from India

Resupinatus odoratus sp.nov. is described from Kerala State and is characterized by a merulioid to poroid hymenophore, inamyloid basidiospores, clavate to coralloid cheilocystidia, gelatinised tissues, coralloid pileipellis elements in the ixocutis, a fragrant spicy odor, and a distinct nrITS sequence. A comprehensive description, photographs, and comparison with similar species are provided.

Dichocarpum hagiangense—a new species and an updated checklist of Ranunculaceae in Vietnam

Dichocarpum hagiangense from Ha Giang province, northern Vietnam is described and illustrated. Diagnostic features of the new species are a short rhizomatous stem, (2–)3-foliolate or simple leaves, and pink-purple flowers. The described species is distinct from closely allied D. trifoliolatum in having longer sepals, shape and obcordate apex of petal limbs, shorter flower stem, number and tooth shape of basal leaves; it differs from D. basilare and D. carinatum in having stem leaf, retuse apex and longer of central leaflet, number and (2–)3-foliated (or simple) of leaf. With the support of molecular data, the new species was clearly distinguished from other species in the Dichocarpum group by eight autapomorphic characters in nrITS sequence. A key to all species of Dichocarpum is provided. We suggest the IUCN conservation status of D. hagiangense to be “Critically Endangered”. A newest checklist of the family Ranunculaceae in Vietnam is updated.

Pluteus dianae and P. punctatus resurrected, with first records from eastern and northern Europe

The type specimens of Pluteus dianae and P. punctatus from the Czech Republic were studied morphologically and molecularly. New collections identified by nrITS sequence analyses extend the distribution of P. dianae to Denmark, European Russia, and the Asian part of Turkey and of P. punctatus to Sweden. The application of these names is discussed; both belong in the P. plautus complex, and data on European and North American taxa in this complex are summarised and compared with P. dianae and P. punctatus. Pluteus aestivus is considered a nomen dubium.

A revision of the genus Aciculopsora (Ramalinaceae), with the description of one new species and one new combination

The tropical lichen genus Aciculopsora is still very poorly collected. Only eleven collections are known worldwide. We present a molecular phylogenetic tree based on mtSSU and nrITS sequence data from six Aciculopsora specimens. Our results corroborate the monophyly of the genus. We conclude that Aciculopsora consists of three species: A. cinerea, A. longispora comb. nov. (≡ Phyllopsora longispora, = A. salmonea syn. nov.) and A. srilankensis sp. nov. Aciculopsora cinerea occurs in Brazil, A. longispora in Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Kenya, and A. srilankensis in Sri Lanka. As such, the genus is new for the Paleotropics, Argentina and Ecuador.

Paris nitida (Melanthiaceae): revisting morphological characteristics, biogeography and phylogenetic relationships

Paris nitida is a newly published species, but little is known about its morphological characteristics, distribution and phylogenetic relationship. In this study, field investigation, literature study, morphological observation and molecular nrITS sequence analysis were used to improve knowledge of this species. Morphological traits of P. nitida were found to be more similar to those of Paris fargesii var. brevipetalata, rather than Paris caobangensis as reported before; moreover, a new distribution record in the centre of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was found; additionally, P. nitida was clustered with Paris fargesii var. fargesii, P. fargesii var. brevipetalata, and P. caobangensi in a NJ tree based on the ITS sequences. Accordingly, P. nitida is more closely related to P. sect. Fargesianae rather than P. caobangensis; the habitat of P. nitida is located from south of the Yangtze River to the north of the Nanling Mountains, mainly including the central part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and central Chinese mountains. It is geographically isolated from P. caobangensis, which occurs in northern Vietnam. The central part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau may be its area of origin.

A new species of Fordiophyton (Sonerileae, Melastomataceae) from Yunnan, China

Fordiophytonjinpingense (Melastomataceae; Sonerileae), a species occurring in south-eastern Yunnan, China, is described as new, based on morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses, based on nrITS sequence data, showed that, except F.breviscapum, all species sampled in Fordiophyton formed a strongly supported clade in which two geographical lineages were recovered. The generic placement of F.jinpingense is well supported by phylogenetic analyses and a character combination of 4-merous flowers, distinctly dimorphic stamens and the connectives basally not calcarate. Molecular divergence and morphological evidence indicate that F.jinpingense is well separated from other members of the genus, thus justifying its recognition as a distinct species. Fordiophytonjinpingense is phylogenetically closest to F.repens, but differs markedly from the latter in stem morphology (short, obtusely 4-sided vs. long, 4-angular), habit (erect vs. creeping), leaf size (6–16.5 × 4.5–13 cm vs. 4–7.5 × 4–6.5 cm) and flower number per inflorescence (5–13 vs. 3–6).

Lecanorchis moritae (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Amami-Oshima Island, Japan, based on morphological and molecular data

A new species of the mycoheterotrophic genus Lecanorchis Blume (Orchidaceae), L. moritae, is described from Amami-Oshima Island, Japan. It is most similar to L. suginoana but differs in having a transversely elliptic (slightly contracted at base) midlobe (vs. semiorbicular, not contracted at base), more triangular with almost entire margins (vs. relatively rounded, denticulate margins) and reddish apices (vs. somewhat whitish apices) and a lip with white and purple hairs (vs. white and lemon yellow hairs) and sparse unicellular papillae scattered on the disc (vs. dense unicellular papillae). An illustration and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequence (i.e., DNA barcode) of the new species are also provided.