An Urban Paradox: Urban Resilience or Human Needs

Nowadays, metropolitan cities experience increasingly environmental problems as well as migration and urbanization pressure. As climate change, earthquake, flood, aridity and the last worldwide pandemic showed how cities are unprepared for these disasters. The ability of cities to cope with these disasters and survive depends on the existence and level of the city’s resilience to these disasters. Also, the change and transformation of social structure effects the process of adaptation. Generally, urban citizens with economic power who have to live in crowded cities have created their own living areas in the periphery of cities with the desire to live away from the city and in nature. The population increasing every day due to migration from the city centers, attractiveness of natural life lead to urbanization of natural areas as well as the transformation of landscapes. The aim of this study is to measure the urbanization pressure, which is one of the important factors of landscape changes and to determine the results of the pressure for the important areas for resilience. In the scope this, it is detected the pressure of urbanization on the area and examined the landscape changes between the years of 2000-2020 in Istanbul/Zekeriyakoy. Zekeriyakoy, when it was a village until the 1980s, has been in the process of a radical change especially since 1987 and it has become an important center of attraction especially after the Marmara Earthquake in 1999. Corine Land cover and Google satellite data have been used to detect changes in the research. The main outcome of this study is; the district, which was dominated by agriculture and forest areas until the early 1990s, is now under intense pressure to settle and if the transformation occurs at the same speed, especially agricultural areas will almost disappear. This study is important in terms of how the field has changed in the years and the problems that this change will cause for the future. In this context it can be said that the change, transformation and adaptation expected to occur with the concept of urban resilience cannot be considered separate from human and human welfare.

Energy Efficient Building Systems For Urban Transformation Projects: Case Study

In last decades uncontrolled rapid urbanization in Turkey led to existence of squatter areas and disaster-vulnerable building stocks. After 1999 Marmara earthquake urban renewal has become the base of urbanization politics and planning agenda in Turkey. Turkish building industry usually uses RC buildings in the urban renewal projects. In recent years cold formed steel CFS and 3D panel building systems due to its lightweight, fast constructed, energy efficient , and economy start to be used as an alternatives to reinforced concrete buildings especially in seismic areas. In this paper energy performance of three building systems were investigated on a case study school building. Analysis results shows that 3D panel and CFS buildings systems will established with 59% and 36% less energy requirements with respect to traditional reinforced concrete non-insulated buildings.

An Investigation on Post-Disaster Housing Resident Satisfaction in Subaşı After the Marmara Earthquake

Turkey is a nation experiencing disasters, particularly earthquakes, owing to its location. Accidents cause environmental destruction as much as economically. One of the significant bodily damages is that the residences become damaged. Accordingly, the need for housing is indispensable after a collision. To deal with the problem, permanent houses, post-disaster housing, in other words, are produced in numerous regions to afford service for households. Post-disaster housing is essential to helpless families so that all will be capable of returning a fitter living situation ere the disaster. Nevertheless, as permanent housing is made by building it very fast, it is imperative that the living standard of permanent residence is agreeable with the earlier practice of the users. In that way, post-use evaluations of permanent housing, uniquely constructed after the devastating result of a disaster, are becoming critical to following applications to be more prosperous. In this sense, permanent residences in Subaşı Village, Yalova Province in Turkey have been studied within the context of post-earthquake transformation applications on 17 August 1999. In the research, the planning of the houses built in Subaşı Village, the overall evaluations about the design, the principles of entitlement, the planning method of the permanent houses, the demographic features of the shareholders were evaluated. As an outcome of the research, it was observed that the permanent residential areas in Subaşı village could not unite with the existing city. Among the socialization processes of families with various features, it was regarded that distinct qualities of contribution were made to living spaces. Neighborhood relationships and concern for free spaces and ownership organizations influence social relations together. Personal solutions to designs and absence of ownership regulation in public areas further block the formation of administrative units in permanent residential zones. Hence, interspersed life in the areas of current housing does not emerge. The situation has led to the result that in the process of combination of permanent residential spaces with existing urban areas, social facilities and non-residential uses, business and shopping centers, mosque and sports halls should be raised within a wider frame.

EMDR Group Protocol With Children: A Field Study

The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Group Protocol with Children (EMDR-GP/C) was first developed by Korkmazlar following the Marmara earthquake in Turkey in 1999 and can be adapted for different populations. This study focused on EMDR-GP with children who lost their fathers in the mine explosion that occurred in 2014 in Soma, Turkey. The EMDR-GP/C was used with 41 children (7–12 years old) in the early intervention, 3 weeks after the disaster, and used with 25 other children (6–13 years old) in the late intervention, 18 months after the disaster, when posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms had developed. The differences between the early and late implementations of EMDR-GP/C are presented in this article. In the early intervention, children processed the trauma by focusing on the “events” as they saw or heard them; however, 18 months after the disaster, children processed their “emotions” about the event in the desensitization phase. Results show a significant decrease in scores of subjective units of disturbance (SUDs) for both intervention periods. An analysis was also conducted, comparing decreases in SUD scores for younger and older children, with no differences found in their response to treatment. Pre and follow-up data were collected for the late intervention condition, using the Child Report of Posttraumatic Symptoms (CROPS), and showed a significant decrease at 18-month follow-up. Further studies are suggested to determine effectiveness of EMDR-GP/C with other populations.

Predicting Crises in Turkey Using an Exchange Market Pressure Model and Four-Way Decomposition Analysis of Gross Capital Flows

<p>This study examines quarterly macroeconomic data in an attempt to reveal crises experienced in Turkey from 1998 to 2013 using an exchange market pressure model and analyze gross capital flows using a four-way decomposition analysis during. The results indicate that the exchange market pressure model successfully predicts the economic crisis following the 1998 Marmara earthquake, the February 2001 crisis and the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis in Turkey. The four-way decomposition is found to be more effective than the standard two-part differential analysis in explaining the relationship between crises and the inflow and outflow of domestic and foreign capital.</p>