Guglielmo Marconi, Augusto Righi and the invention of wireless telegraphy

One of the major accomplishments of the late nineteenth-century applied physics was, as it is well known, the development of wireless telegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi, future Nobel laureate. In this paper, we will explore what scientific debt, if any, Marconi had toward another Italian physicist, internationally well known for his research on electromagnetic waves: Augusto Righi. This question will be pursued through a close analysis of Marconi’s first patent, of Righi’s scientific correspondence and of the specialized and popular press of the time. At the end of this analysis, which includes a brief survey of Marconi and Righi’s activity as senators of the Kingdom of Italy, we will better appreciate what Marconi took from contemporary scientists, what specific contributions he is responsible for and, ultimately, what Marconi and Righi thought of each other.

Wireless Telegraphy

James Clerk Maxwell’s discovery of electromagnetic waves was proven experimentally by Heinrich Hertz. From then on here were numerous attempts to use electromagnetic waves for communications. A young Italian, Guglielmo Marconi, arrived in Britain and worked with the Post Office to gradually extend the radius within which radiation can be detected to several miles. By 1901 Marconi managed to send signals across the Atlantic. The sinking of the Titanic made it necessary to provide ships with wireless telegraphy and intercommunications. The need for amplifiers was satisfied by the birth of electronics. The rise of Germany as a great power is discussed.

VASPITNO-OBRAZOVNA FUNKCIJA RADIJA U PERIODU OD 1929. DO 1940. GODINE U KRALJEVINI JUGOSLAVIJI

Radio je prvi elektronski medij masovnog komuniciranja čija je struktura u tehničko-tehnološkom smislu konačno oformljena u prvim decenijama 20. veka, čime su omogućeni uslovi da se njime masovno distribuiraju auditivne poruke u oblikovanim radio programima. Svakako najznačajnija imena koja su doprinela razvoju radija su: Nikola Tesla, Guglielmo Marconi, Lee De Forest i drugi istraživači. Razvoj medija masovne komunikacije doveo je do velikih i trajnih kulturnih promena koje su se odrazile i na promene u vaspitanju. Kao pedagozi, svesni smo koliku moć imaju mediji i da su upravo mediji ti koji su umnogome promenili ponašanje dece i roditelja u odnosu na prethodne generacije. Period od 1929. do 1940. predstavlja period kada razvoj radija kao masovnog medija doživljava svoju ekspanziju, kako u svetu, tako i u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, gde je radio program pokrenut 24. marta 1929. u Beogradu. U ovom radu dati su rezultati do kojih se došlo analizom obimnog programskog sadržaja emitovanog na Radio Beogradu u periodu od 1929. do 1940. u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji. Pored navedenog, posebna pažnja posvećena je utvrđivanju vaspitno-obrazovnih funkcija koje je radio imao u navedenom periodu.

Komunikasi Massa Sebagai Media Dakwah

Sejarah media penyiaran dunia dimulai ketika ahli fisika Jerman bernama Heinrich Hertz pada tahun 1887 berhasil mengirim dan menerima gelombang radio. Upaya Hertz itu kemudian dilanjutkan oleh Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) dari Italia yang sukses mengirimkan sinyal morse berupa titik dan garis dari sebuah pemancar kepada suatu alat penerima. Sinyal yang dikirimkan Marconi berhasil menyeberangi Samudra Atlantik pada tahun 1901 dengan menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik. Stasiun radio pertama muncul ketika seorang tehnik bernama Frank Conrad di Pittsburgh AS, pada tahun 1920 secara iseng-iseng sebagai bagian dari hobi, membangun sebuah pemancar radio di garasi rumahnya. Conrad menyiarkan lagu-lagu, mengumumkan hasil pertandingan olahraga dan menyiarkan instrumen musik yang dimainkan putranya sendiri. Dalam waktu singkat, Conrad berhasil mendapatkan banyak pendengar seiring dengan meningkatnya penjualan pesawat radio ketika itu. Stasiun radio yang dibangun Conrad itu kemudian diberi nama KDKA dan masih tetap mengudara hingga saat ini, menjadikannya sebagai stasiun tertua di Amerika dan mungkin juga didunia. Di Provinsi Aceh perkembangan siaran radio saat ini berkembang dengan pesat mengikuti perubahan zaman dan aturan yang berlaku. Sampai saat ini program-program pada siaran Radio Swasta masih banyak diminati oleh pendengarnya disetiap lapisan masyarakat mulai dari kalangan anak-anak, remaja, hingga dewasa. Program-program siaran Radio Swasta di Aceh khususnya kabupaten Aceh Tamiang banyak menyiarkan siaran-siaran yang berbau Islami hingga siaran-siaran umum dan Pemerintahan, sehingga berbagai program radio menjadi lebih baik dan sesuai. Program Penyiaran tentang Ke-Islaman tersebut disiarkan pada Radio Birama Indah 103,7 FM untuk disiarkan di wilayah Aceh Tamiang guna mendukung terciptanya ketentraman dan kesejahteraan berdasarkan ajaran Islam yang diajarkan oleh baginda Rasulullah SAW sebagai suri tauladan bagi kita semua khususnya umat Islam diseluruh penjuru dunia.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 3Enisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyFatma Ozudogru, Usak University, TurkeyFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineHenry D. Mason, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africaİbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Firat University, TurkeyJane Liang, California Department of Education, USAJeyavel Sundaramoorthy, Gulbarga University Campus, IndiaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USALinda J. Rappel, Yorkville University/University of Calgary, CanadaLorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandPuneet S. Gill, Texas A&M International University, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASayim Aktay, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, TurkeySelloane Pitikoe, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaSimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalyStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceYavuz Değirmenci, Bayburt University, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Vietnamese Dermatology

BACKGROUND: The World Health Academy of Dermatology, the Vitiligo Research Foundation, the University of Parma-Italy and the University of Rome Guglielmo Marconi, Rome-Italy have successfully joined Vietnamese Dermatology Community in the ambitious project of positionìng Vietnam in the Dermatologic Olympus. AIM: The aim of our special issue is to present some pearls of the Vietnamese Dermatology devoted to the description of the national and hopefully international declining of traditional therapies. METHODS: We present 36 contributions from all academic hospitals of Vietnam reflecting the therapeutic strategies and every day's dermato-venereology practice in Vietnam. RESULTS: This special issue show the efficacy and safety of our Vietnamese approach continuously embracing the concept that "old and traditional is beautiful when safe, effective and cheap". CONCLUSION: Vietnamese Dermatology is deeply concerned with any possible marketing orientated lucrative therapies, thus emphasising the risk/benefits ratio of "old-traditional" versus "new" therapeutic strategies.

Oliver Heaviside and the Heaviside layer

In an entry in the Encyclopaedia Britannica in 1902, Oliver Heaviside had suggested the existence of a reflecting layer in the upper atmosphere to account for long range beyond line-of-sight radio propagation of the type demonstrated by Guglielmo Marconi in 1901, in the first transatlantic radio transmission. In about 1910, William Eccles proposed the name ‘Heaviside Layer’ for this phenomenon, and the name has subsequently been adopted and used quite widely. This paper describes the basis of Marconi's experiments and various interpretations of the results in the context of Heaviside's wider work. It also describes some later experiments to measure the height of the ionosphere. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 10Ahmet Hakan Hancer, TurkeyAhmet Turan Orhan, TurkeyAngelina Sánchez, Martí, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, SpainBerfin Serdil Örs, Adnan Menderes University, TurkeyBurcu GÜVENDİ, TurkeyCagla Atmaca, Pamukkale University, TurkeyCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainEbru Çetin,Gazi University, TurkeyEbru Kilic Cakmak, TurkeyEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyFroilan D. Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippineHanifi Üzüm, Abant İzzet Baysal Universty, TurkeyHulya Yumru, Istanbul Aydın University, Turkeyİbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Firat University, Turkeyİlknur Özal Göncü, Gazi University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Jongho Park, University of Michigan, USAJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USAJulide Inozu, Adana Cukurova University, TurkeyKadir Yıldız, Manisa Celal Bayar Universty, TurkeyKadir Yıldız, TurkeyKatya De Giovanni, University of Malta, MaltaLaura Bruno, The College of New Jersey, USALinda J. Rappel, Yorkville University/University of Calgary, CanadaMarcie Zaharee, The MITRE Corporation, USAMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMert Aydoğmuş, Karabuk University, TurkeyMutar Taş, TurkeyNevzat Demirci, Mersin University, TurkeyÖzkan Işık, Sakarya University, TurkeyPhil Sirinides, University of Pennsylvania, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USAŞengül Atasoy, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Universty, TurkeySimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalySüleyman Gönülateş, Pamukkale University, TurkeyVeronica Rosa, University Rome, ItalyYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com

Reviewer Acknowledgements

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 4 Burcu Duman, Bartin University, TurkeyChosang Tendhar, Long Island University (LIU), USAEman ElBealy, Kiing Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaErkut Tutkun, Uludağ University, TurkeyFadime Seçgin, Gaziosmanpaşa University, TurkeyFatih Yazıcı, TurkeyGökhan Gencer, TurkeyHüseyin Eroğlu, Turkeyİbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Firat University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaIoannis Syrmpas, University of Thessaly, GreeceIşıl Tanriseven, Mersin University, TurkeyJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaKadir Yıldız, TurkeyLisa Marie Portugal, Grand Canyon University, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMark Willems, University of Chichester, TurkeyMehmet Elban, TurkeyMehmet Inan, Marmara University, TurkeyMetin Kaya, TurkeyMurat Taş, TurkeyMurtaza Aykaç, Niğde Ömer Halis Demir University, TurkeyMustafa Gümüş, Bulent Ecevit University, TurkeyMuzaffer Selcuk, TurkeyNecdet Ekinci, TurkeyÖnder Dağlıoğlu, Gaziantep University, TurkeyPirkko Siklander, University of Lapland, FinlandRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSelcuk Akpinar, TurkeySerdar Büyükipekçi, TurkeySermin Algul, TurkeySerpil Özdemir, Bartin University, TurkeySimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalySisi Chen, American University of Health Sciences, USASüleyman Murat Yildiz, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, TurkeyTurhan Toros, TurkeyUğur Sönmezoğlu, Pamukkale University, TurkeyVedat Ayan, TurkeyVedat Cinar, TurkeyVeronica Rosa, University Rome, ItalyYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, KazakhstanZeynep Dinç, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com