Survivability in ATM networks

n ATM network design, self-healing is the ability of the network to continue to provide service in the event of failures, and this compromises both planning and operational aspects. The planning aspect involves optimal/near-optimal network design problems while the operational aspect deals with the implementation of protection schemes using restoration mechanisms, for allocating spare capacity to the network to be used in case of a failure event. This project investigates the survivability (i.e. restoration ratio) - here defined by means of the aggregate restoration ratio - in existing ATM networks based on various spare capacity distribution schemes, with the goal to (1) compare the network survivability for link and path restorations, and (2) determine the effects of various traffic and design related patterns on the restoration ratio.

Survivability in ATM networks

n ATM network design, self-healing is the ability of the network to continue to provide service in the event of failures, and this compromises both planning and operational aspects. The planning aspect involves optimal/near-optimal network design problems while the operational aspect deals with the implementation of protection schemes using restoration mechanisms, for allocating spare capacity to the network to be used in case of a failure event. This project investigates the survivability (i.e. restoration ratio) - here defined by means of the aggregate restoration ratio - in existing ATM networks based on various spare capacity distribution schemes, with the goal to (1) compare the network survivability for link and path restorations, and (2) determine the effects of various traffic and design related patterns on the restoration ratio.

Optimal Capacity And Flow Assignment For Self-Healing ATM Networks Based On Path Restoration: Nonlinear Models

This thesis addresses the design of self-healing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks which is a special aspect of a more general problem, referred to as capacity and flow assignment (CFA) problem in self-healing ATM networks. We have proposed two nonlinear mathematical models for global reconfiguration strategy and failure-oriented reconfiguration strategy in our thesis. Our restoration strategies aim to minimize the capacity installation cost and the routing cost when a single link failure occurs in the network. A special case of the augmented Lagrangian method so-called Separable Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm (SALA) is proposed for solving the proposed nonlinear mathematical models. Numerical results are presented comparing the two restoration strategies in terms of five performance metrics which are capacity installation cost, total required capacity, routing cost, total network cost and required CPU time for convergence of the algorithms. Our results show that the global reconfiguration strategy has always performed better than the failure-oriented reconfiguration strategy for all the network scenarios, topologies and bandwidth requirements.

Optimal Capacity And Flow Assignment For Self-Healing ATM Networks Based On Path Restoration: Nonlinear Models

This thesis addresses the design of self-healing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks which is a special aspect of a more general problem, referred to as capacity and flow assignment (CFA) problem in self-healing ATM networks. We have proposed two nonlinear mathematical models for global reconfiguration strategy and failure-oriented reconfiguration strategy in our thesis. Our restoration strategies aim to minimize the capacity installation cost and the routing cost when a single link failure occurs in the network. A special case of the augmented Lagrangian method so-called Separable Augmented Lagrangian Algorithm (SALA) is proposed for solving the proposed nonlinear mathematical models. Numerical results are presented comparing the two restoration strategies in terms of five performance metrics which are capacity installation cost, total required capacity, routing cost, total network cost and required CPU time for convergence of the algorithms. Our results show that the global reconfiguration strategy has always performed better than the failure-oriented reconfiguration strategy for all the network scenarios, topologies and bandwidth requirements.

The Strategy of Rural Bank in the Face of the Industrial Era 4.0

The rural bank is increasingly pressured by the presence of commercial banks, foreign banks of non-bank financial institutions that place massive financing in the microcredit sector and application-based financial transactions that facilitate and pamper consumers/customers. Government policies are needed to support and protect the existence of rural banks by equalization of their status in the equivalent of commercial banks in order to be more maximal in their intermediation functions, especially in the field of microcredit. The strategy that must be done by rural bank in facing the industrial era 4.0, is: implement a reliable Core Banking System (CBS). Cooperating with other rural bank and cooperating with fintech online credit distributors who are officially registered with the OJK are strengthened by regulations that support rural bank cooperation with fintech. Innovate in digital banking services by collaborating atm networks with commercial banks as well as collaboration to issue electronic money. Service innovation must be parallel with the improvement of management and internal in terms of integrity and attitude.

IRANIAN PAYMENT SYSTEM “SHETAB” AND PROSPECTS OF THE IRANIAN BANK CARD SYSTEM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Since the imposition of sanctions on the Republic of Iran, no international payment system has been established in the country. As a result, Iran implemented a solution to the described problems without attracting external assistance, in particular, the Shetab payment system was created and its connection to ATM networks in Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE and Kuwait was implemented. Iran also introduced the Shetab Bank card system, which is extended to Armenia and Turkey. The impact of bilateral payment system on economic growth and increase in cash turnover between two countries, during the period of economic sanctions, has been considered in the article.

Money Leaks in Banking ATM’s Cash-Management Systems

Some widely-accepted practices on banking ATM networks may negatively affect an efficient liquidity management. This paper analyses ATM cash management in light of empirical evidence which suggests that banking ATMs tend to be overloaded beyond the customer’s needs. This, in turn, results in high opportunity costs. While this is not perceived by banks as particularly harmful, it might have a damaging impact on other business which revolves exclusively around ATM networks, such as cashback sites. A dormant money case may be solved­­ by an appropriate tool matching the ATM’s cash to the user’s needs. Supported by a large database of banking records, this paper also provides model validation for a set of theorems previously developed by the author, resulting here in a cutting-edge, reliable forecasting system, suitable for anticipating ATMs cash demand as well as coupling with other supply chain planning processes.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN KONSUMEN ATAU NASABAH DALAM MEMILIH BANK SEBAGAI TEMPAT MENABUNG DI YOGYAKARTA

This study aims to determine the effect of multipurpose networks ATMs, interest, administrative fees, bank locations and bank services the customer's decision in choosing a bank as a place to save in Yogyakarta. In this study, taking a sample of residents who live in the city Yogyakarta with 60 respondents. This testing using analysis tools in the form of correlation (validity test) and reliability test for know the validity of the data used in research. To test the hypothesis in this research is multiple regression test. In the F test obtained F count (27.594)> F table (2.28) which means that together there is a significant influence between the variable services, bank locations, multipurpose ATM networks, bank interest and administrative fees towards decisions. In the t test there are three variables that have no effect significantly to customer savings decisions, namely service variables with a value of t arithmetic (1.385) <t table (2.0057), Bank Location with a value of t arithmetic (1,933) <t table (2.0057) and Multipurpose And ATM Networks with calculated t values (0.839) <t table (2.0057). While interest and administrative costs are partial each has a significant effect on the savings decision variable customers because the t value obtained for the bank interest (3,697)> t table (2.0057) and administrative costs (3,510) > t table (2.0057). The results of this study provide evidence that 71.9% of customers' savings decisions influenced by the variable service, bank location, multipurpose ATM networks, bank interest and administrative costs while the remaining 28.1% influenced by other factors. Based on data analysis, the factors are a big influence on customer savings decisions is bank interest.

Analysis of a Single Server Retrial Queue with Server Vacation and Two Waiting Buffers Based on ATM Networks

This paper presents a discrete-time Geo/G/1 retrial queue with two waiting buffers to model an ATM network, in which the server begins a single vacation in cases where the system is empty at the instant of a service completion. New arriving customer who finds the server being on vacation can decide to either enter the retrial buffer with some probability p or leave the system with complementary probability 1−p. But the new arriving customer can begin its service immediately if he finds the server idle and join the original buffer if he finds the server busy. We first carry out an extensive analysis of the model by using the supplementary variable method and the generating function approach, and give some performance measures, such as server’s state probabilities and mean queue lengths in the original buffer, retrial buffer, and in the system. Secondly, we give the generating function of the sojourn time of a customer in the system and prove that Little’s law still holds in our model. Sensitivity analysis and cost optimization are finally given for illustrative purposes.