Responsibility as a Social Phenomenon

This article focuses on the philosophical understanding of responsibility as a social phenomenon. Based on the analysis of classical and modern works on social responsibility, the authors conclude that this phenomenon is multifaceted and multidimensional. It is also considered to be an integral part of all spheres of social life since it is included in all types of activities and is present at all the stages of society’s development. The article shows social responsibility from the point of view of the social actor’s essential forces, that is, responsibility is considered to be a result of the manifestation and development of essential forces, ultimately, through the self-realization of social actors. Cooperation of labour is shown as the material basis of responsibility. The authors argue in favour of the activity approach to studying social responsibility. In this case, it becomes not only a regulator, but also a constituent element of human activity, which emphasizes both the retrospective aspect of responsibility and its positive, operational aspect. In addition, the article explores the connection between responsibility and social relationships, which give rise to reciprocal demands placed by subjects of responsibility on each other. These demands are expressed in the traditions of society and state, in morality, laws and other aspects. Thus, only the activity that is related to attitudes towards these demands can be considered responsible. The demands, in turn, become objective conditions underlying responsible activity. Further, the paper points out the need to study social responsibility in the unity of the objective and the subjective. According to the authors, the main criterion of socially responsible relations is the result of activity. It should be used to evaluate society’s level of responsibility both in the historical context and in modern conditions.

Survivability in ATM networks

n ATM network design, self-healing is the ability of the network to continue to provide service in the event of failures, and this compromises both planning and operational aspects. The planning aspect involves optimal/near-optimal network design problems while the operational aspect deals with the implementation of protection schemes using restoration mechanisms, for allocating spare capacity to the network to be used in case of a failure event. This project investigates the survivability (i.e. restoration ratio) - here defined by means of the aggregate restoration ratio - in existing ATM networks based on various spare capacity distribution schemes, with the goal to (1) compare the network survivability for link and path restorations, and (2) determine the effects of various traffic and design related patterns on the restoration ratio.

Survivability in ATM networks

n ATM network design, self-healing is the ability of the network to continue to provide service in the event of failures, and this compromises both planning and operational aspects. The planning aspect involves optimal/near-optimal network design problems while the operational aspect deals with the implementation of protection schemes using restoration mechanisms, for allocating spare capacity to the network to be used in case of a failure event. This project investigates the survivability (i.e. restoration ratio) - here defined by means of the aggregate restoration ratio - in existing ATM networks based on various spare capacity distribution schemes, with the goal to (1) compare the network survivability for link and path restorations, and (2) determine the effects of various traffic and design related patterns on the restoration ratio.

Assessment of precautionary measures against COVID-19 in Indonesian workplaces

As the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic spread across Indonesia, the precautionary measures have been taken by nearly all stakeholders, including industries and employers. The purpose of this study is to assess the measures took against COVID-19 pandemic in the workplaces across the country. This research involved participants from 103 different companies using a questionnaire adapted from Better Work Indonesia (BWI), occupational safety and health association (OSHA) and centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) COVID-19 guidelines. The data analysis conducted with descriptive statistics that resulted with the following key findings. Indonesian companies have taken precautionary measures against COVID-19 at their workplace. Most aspects of COVID-19 preventive measures: policy and procedure, operational aspect, health and safety, and external activities have been observed by the vast majority of the subjects. This study found that among 30 COVID-19 programs, the emergency exercise at work was the only one that had not been conducted by more than half of respondents. As the number of active cases still growing at the time this study conducted, all precautionary measures against COVID-19 shall be carried out with consistency by the company management).

Craft as More-Than-Human

This article considers craft science and practice-led research in light of more-than-human approaches to practice under the heading posthumanism, as found within humanities and social sciences in recent years. Practice-led research within craft science, represents a vital and ground-breaking field of inquiry, as an embodied subjective field of examination with an impressive ability to gain deep knowledge of various forms of skilled and/or natural practices. One aspect of practice that this research seems less able to grasp, is a broader practical connection between multiple ontologies of human and non-human practice. Going beyond a purely human phenomenology of craft, this article seeks a more symmetrical and post-anthropocentric approach to knowledge and materiality, as practice in multiple ontologies. This would mean a shift in how craft science view practice, from being a strictly operational aspect adhering to human practitioners, to practice as an ongoing more-than-human process by which phenomena (and practitioners) are brought into being and are maintained.

Framing of the Subjective Attitude to the Acquired Competencies of Helping Professions in the Educational Environment of the University

This article presents the research results of the dynamic of the formation of a person subjective attitude to supporting specialists' competencies in the educational environment of a university. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to insufficient knowledge of the concept of "educational environment", its structure, correlation with other concepts, such as a multicultural environment, professional competencies. On the other hand, the study of the psychology of competencies and their structure, specificity (on the example of a specific group of professions), diagnostics, psychological and pedagogical conditions of formation. The practical significance of the study lies in examining professional competencies through the personal components of students, which are the subjective attitude of the individual. Empirical research was based on the use of quantitative data collection methods that reveal the concept of a person's subjective attitude. The sample consisted of 140 students of the faculties of "General Medicine" and "Social Work and Clinical Psychology" of The Volgograd State Medical University, who were trained in the second (2016) and fourth year (2018). The assessment of the attitude of students to the content of professional competencies of supporting specialists was measured using the author's methodology based on a list of general cultural and professional competencies declared in educational standards and selected by the subjects in accordance with the basic principles and rules of conducting a diagnostic study. The data obtained is processed through descriptive statistics. As a result, the structure and content of the subjective attitude of the individual was described, which includes the motivational ("important"), operational ("own") and pragmatic ("use") aspects of competencies. The course of study, the emerging "motivational stress", the organized conditions of the educational environment, involvement in practical professional activity determine the structure of the subjective attitude of students to the competencies being mastered: the structure of the second course of study is presented as "the motivational aspect – the operational aspect – the pragmatic aspect" of competencies, the structure of the fourth course of study – "pragmatic aspect – operational aspect – motivational aspect" of competencies. The choice of various psychological and pedagogical technologies in the training of specialists in helping professions as one of the effective conditions of the educational environment is aimed at manifesting, on the one hand, the cognitive activity of students, on the other, the formation of a positive attitude towards mastering a set of competencies. Information technologies and technologies for the development of critical thinking are aimed at developing research competencies. Interactive technologies of imitation and discussion types contribute to the development of a communicative group of competencies of supporting specialists, as well as conducting joint classes of Russian and foreign students, implementing patronage cooperation, etc. The results obtained can be taken into account in the practice of psychological, professional and socio-cultural support and adaptation of foreign and Russian students to supporting professions.

Theory of Events

Event management research has generally had a focus on the operational aspect of providing events. In this conceptual effort, the elements of an event are examined through the perspective of the attendee. Five key components of the event experience are identified and explored. Together, the five elements are used to build a model that presents the multifaceted nature of the attendee’s experience. The model is used as a basis for the theory of events to explain and predict what a participant needs and expects from an event experience.

Evaluasi Kinerja Operasional Pelayanan Bus Rapid Transit (B Koridor Blok M-Kota, DKI Jakarta

The operational aspect as an aspect directly related to the provision of services to the community will certainly require this BRT system to provide better service quality compared to other public transport service systems. The objectives of this research are: to assess the operational performance of BRT services in DKI Jakarta in the Blok M-Kota corridor in terms of headway, load factor and travel time based on BRT service performance standards and to assess public perceptions of the operational performance of BRT services in corridors. Blok M-City. In this study using descriptive analysis methods, evaluative, and science methods. The survey technique was carried out by means of a static survey, on bus, interviews, and questionnaires. The results showed that the headway, BRT has a good level of service, when compared to the standard of the Directorate General of Land Transportation where the average standard headway is 5 minutes. While the standard of BP TransJakarta can be said to be good where the headway during peak hours is 2-3 minutes and non-peak hours are 5 minutes. Load factor, the results of the primary survey and analysis show that the load factor has not yet reached the operational target of BP TransJakarta by 70% so that the bus condition still feels roomy and relaxed, although it is much better according to the standards of the Directorate General of Land Transportation. As for travel time, the operational service performance of BRT is in accordance with the standards of the Directorate General of Land Transportation which stipulates the standard travel time is 1-1.5 hours and BP TransJakarta sets 45 minutes, which is much faster where for the Blok M-Kota and Kota-Blok majors. M.