Analysis on Influencing Factors of Farmland Transfer Price in Heilongjiang Province

At present, there are still some problems in rural land circulation in Heilongjiang Province. Among them, the high price of land circulation is a prominent problem at present, and the price of land circulation is the most important factor affecting land circulation. In this paper, literature analysis, field investigation and interview are used to study the current situation and influencing factors of agricultural land transfer price in Heilongjiang Province, and further analyze the impact of agricultural land transfer price on land transfer. The results show that: (1) In recent years, the transfer price of agricultural land in Heilongjiang Province has been on the rise; (2) The price of farmland transfer will be affected by the factors of grain price, grain producer subsidy, land quality and transfer period; (3) The age of the head of household, the willingness of the head of household to cultivate, the area of agricultural land transfer, the proportion of non-agricultural income, and the types of food planted have no significant effect on the transfer price of farmland.

Land Circulation, Scale Operation, and Agricultural Carbon Reduction Efficiency: Evidence from China

Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese province in 2005–2018, this paper quantifies agricultural carbon reduction efficiency (CRE), using the slack-based measure (SBM)-data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with undesired outputs (SBM-DEA ∗ ), and empirically tests that development of land circulation market directly affects agricultural CRE, and indirectly affects agricultural CRE via scale operation of farmland. The results show that the following: (1) In the observation period, China’s agricultural CREs generally evolved from a low level to a high level, with an annual growth rate of 8.0%, but there is still a large space of carbon reduction. (2) Overall, land circulation significantly promoted agricultural CRE, but the promoting effect varied from region to region: the promoting effect was significant in eastern and central regions, and insignificant in western region. (3) Scale operation of farmland had a nonlinear, partial mediation effect on how land circulation influences agricultural CRE; land circulation greatly accelerated the scale operation of farmland, while the growing scale of farmland utilization had an inverted U-shaped influence on agricultural CRE. Our research results imply that promoting land circulation directly drives the low-carbon transformation of agriculture in China, but excessive scale operation of farmland might hinder agricultural carbon reduction.

Research on the Impact of Land Circulation on the Income Gap of Rural Households: Evidence from CHIP

With the continued development of the economy, the income gap among Chinese rural households continues to widen. The land system plays a decisive role in developing “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and land circulation is a factor in the increase in income inequality among farm households. Based on the 2013 China Household Income Project (CHIP), this article used the re-centered influence function (RIF) regression method to empirically test the impact of rural land circulation on the income gap of rural households in China in three regions: the central, eastern and western regions. The quantile regression tested the impact mechanism of income inequality of rural households from the perspective of labor mobility and land circulation. The empirical results showed that land circulation increases the income inequality of rural households. The theoretical mechanism test proved that the dynamic relationship between land circulation and labor mobility increases rural household income. However, this increase has a greater effect on rural households with a high income and a small effect on rural households with a low income, resulting in a further widening of the income gap. Therefore, while increasing the income of rural households through land circulation, the government should also consider income equity. Finally, this article puts forward the policies and opinions on land reform and provides a brief discussion on the future direction of development.

Will land circulation sway “grain orientation”? The impact of rural land circulation on farmers’ agricultural planting structures

This study calculates the effect of different types of land circulation on farmers’ decision-making regarding agricultural planting structure, using field survey data involving 1,120 households in Hubei province, China, and PSM (propensity score matching) and GPSM (general propensity score matching) methods. Results from PSM showed that land circulation could significantly increase farmers’ decisions to plant food crops, which confirms the positive effect of rural land circulation on the “grain orientation” of crop planting structure. Results from GPSM further indicate that the total land circulation, the paddy land circulation, and the dry land circulation all have significantly positive effects on planting structure adjustment towards “grain orientation.” Additionally, planting structure adjustment towards “grain orientation” increases as the scale of land circulation increases, and the former shows a higher rate of increase than the latter, which confirms that rural land circulation facilitates an adjustment in structure towards planting food crops.

The Effects of Lake Representation on the Regional Hydroclimate in the ECMWF Reanalyses

Lakes are an integral part of the geosphere, but they are challenging to represent in Earth system models which either exclude lakes or prescribe properties without simulating lake dynamics. In ECMWF Interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), lakes are represented by prescribing lake surface water temperatures (LSWT) from external data sources, while the newer generation ERA5 introduces the FLake parameterization scheme to the modelling system with different LSWT assimilation data sources. This study assesses the performance of these two reanalyses over three regions with the largest lakes in the world (Laurentian Great Lakes, African Great Lakes, and Lake Baikal) to understand the effects of their simulation differences on hydrometeorological variables. We find that differences in lake representation alter the associated hydrological and atmospheric processes and can affect regional hydroclimatic assessments. There are prominent differences in LSWT between the two datasets which influence the simulation of lake-effect snowstorms in the Laurentian winters and lake-land breeze circulation patterns in the African region. Generally, ERA5 has warmer LSWT in all three regions for most months (by 2-12 K) and its evaporation rates are up to twice the magnitudes in ERA-Interim. In the Laurentian lakes, ERA5 has strong biases in LSWT and evaporation magnitudes. Over Lake Baikal and the African Great Lakes, ERA5 LSWT magnitudes are closer to satellite-based datasets, albeit with warm bias (1-4 K), while ERA-Interim underestimates the magnitudes. ERA5 also simulates intense precipitation hotspots in lake proximity that are not visible in ERA-Interim and other observation-based datasets. Despite these limitations, ERA5 improves the simulation of lake-land circulation patterns across the African Great Lakes.

Performance Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of Rural Land Circulation Mode

To evaluate the performance of rural land circulation mode through the analytic network hierarchy process, based on the results of the performance evaluation with analytic network process, we implemented efficiency analysis on five types of rural land circulation mode by two improved efficiency analytic procedures. Finally, we implemented sensitivity analysis for each criterion layer of the evaluation index system with the performance evaluation data, interpreted five types of rural land circulation mode from three perspectives including benefits, costs, and risks with sensitivity analysis results, and drew related conclusions including higher revenue which will lead to smaller difficulty of the rural land circulation. Cost variables were negative variables of the selected rural land circulation mode, and higher risk would lead to the greater difficulty of rural land circulation and related conclusions.