Frequency Stability of the European Interconnected Power System Under Grid Splitting in Market Zones

This paper proposes a graph theory-based approach to define the possible separation of the market zones in large power systems. The market zone partitioning is used to assess the frequency stability based on a set of parameters, including the inertia, the running capacity of the separated areas, and the power exchanged on the interconnection lines. A system split indicator is finally used to rank the worst split lines. The methodology has been tested on real scenarios of the interconnected Continental Europe power system.

Impact of Resistive Open Faults on Inverter Chain and 7t Sram

An aggressive scaling of the technology and the increasing the number of the transistor counts are the major challenge of the design of the Integrated Circuit (IC). As well as interconnection lines and resistive opens have become a problem in modern nanometre technologies. The resistive open faults denote degradation in the connectivity within a circuit’s interconnects because of unavoidable manufacturing failures in both current and developing technologies. The resistive open fault is an imperfect circuit connection that can be modelled as a defect resistor between two circuit nodes. The Resistive open faults will not cause function fault immediately. But, it will cause the delay fault and cannot employ the design of voltage to survey. In this research, find the impact of resistive open fault in the 7- Transistor (7T) SRAM cell design and inverter chain. The proposed 7T SRAM cell design and inverter chain is implemented in 45nm technology with cadence library. The main objective of this proposed research work is to efficiently detect impact of resistive open faults and reduces delay and static and dynamic power of 7T SRAM cell design and inverter chain.

Impacts of Earthquakes on Energy Security in the Eurasian Economic Union: Resilience of the Electricity Transmission Networks in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan

In our research, we focus on the reliability of the interconnected electricity supply system of three countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)—Russia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. We apply a mathematical model to evaluate the reliability of the electricity supply system under the threat of earthquakes. Earthquakes can damage elements of electricity grids and, considering the interconnectivity of electricity supply systems in the EAEU, effects in the aftermath of earthquakes can be far-reaching and even transboundary. This necessitates the development of coordinated policies and risk management strategies to deal with electricity outage risks in the EAEU. In our study, the earthquake probability is derived from seismic zone maps, while damage events are computed using maps of energy power systems. In addition, we determine which elements of the system are susceptible to failure due to an earthquake of a given magnitude. We conduct a scenario analysis of earthquakes and their impacts on the reliability of the power supply system, considering potential energy losses and threats to energy security. An analysis of the resilience of electricity transmission grids allows us to determine the critical interconnection lines in terms of exposure to earthquake risk, as well as exposure to total systemic loss. We also identify the most critical interconnection lines where power outages can lead to the destabilization of the entire power supply system. Some examples of such lines are at the border of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where power outages can lead to serious economic costs and electricity outages.