Twenty-First-Century Torture

Immediately following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, members of the George W. Bush administration signaled that current rules regarding intelligence, detention, and interrogation were too confining. With approval from the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), the president declared that the Geneva Conventions’ detention and interrogation guidelines would not apply to Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees. The problem with Geneva, administration lawyers argued, was that it would tie interrogators’ hands. The CIA and the military wanted an explicit legal blessing for their interrogation programs. They got it in the form of a series of memos by the OLC and military lawyers, who defined torture in exceedingly narrow terms. The result was “enhanced interrogation,” which the administration claimed did not amount to torture but was still a sufficiently “tough” program to break hardened terrorists.

Implementation of Legal Aid by the Local Government (Case Study of the Local Government of Jember Regency)

Basically, the right to obtain defense from an advocate or public defender (access to legal counsel) is a human right of all people and is one of the elements to obtain justice for everyone. However, in reality, local governments generally only provide legal assistance on a non-litigation basis where its implementation does not burden the regional budget at all. Based on this, the researchers made two problem formulations, namely 1). How to protect the community through the provision of legal aid and 2). How is the implementation of the provision of legal aid by the local government? The author uses a normative juridical research approach. From the results of the study, it was found that the provision of legal aid is not only regulated in the Constitution but is also regulated in the regulations below it up to the Regional Regulation level. Local governments can allocate funds for the implementation of legal aid in the APBD.

Protecting Patients from Egregious Wrongdoing by Physicians: Consensus Recommendations from State Medical Board Members and Staff

ABSTRACT Purpose There is wide variability in the frequency and severity of disciplinary actions imposed by state medical boards (SMBs) against physicians who engage in egregious wrongdoing. We sought to identify cutting-edge and particularly effective practices, resources, and statutory provisions that SMBs can adopt to better protect patients from harmful physicians. Main findings Using a modified Delphi panel, expert consensus was reached for 51 recommendations that were rated as highly important for SMBs. Panelists included physicians, executive members, legal counsel, and public members from approximately 50% of the 71 SMBs that serve the United States and its territories. Conclusion The expert-informed list of recommendations can help support more effective and transparent actions and processes by SMBs when addressing suspected egregious wrongdoing. While some SMBs may be limited in what policies and provisions they can adopt without approval or assistance from state government, many of these recommendations can be autonomously adopted by SMBs without external support.

Nonverbal Communication Of Legal Counsel With Defendants In Central Jakarta District Court Room

The purpose of this research is to explain the nonverbal communication of legal counsel with the defendant in the conference room at the central Jakarta District Court. The concepts used were communication in trials and nonverbal communication. The study used a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods. Data is obtained by conducting interviews on the 6 informant, observations on 3 trials and literature studies. The results of this study showed that in the trial, legal counsel communicated with the defendant in an attempt to provide legal aid. One form of communication in legal aid is nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication of legal counsel with defendants using gesture "eye movement" and "sound Code". A Legal counsel with the defendant agreed nonverbal measures as a strategy for winning perceptions in the trial, which implicates the judge's "light" penalty.

Competition and collaboration: Title IX Coordinators and the barriers to achieving educational equity

How do compliance occupations successfully navigate complex institutional environments characterized by changing policy initiatives, managerial logics, unclear expectations, and competition from other occupational groups? This article examines the work of Title IX Coordinators at U.S. Colleges and Universities, who often hold dual roles, operate at lower levels within the institution, and lack the necessary resources to do their work. Using interviews, surveys, professional association materials, and Title IX job ads, this paper describes how Title IX Coordinators adapt to a complex institutional environment and overcome these obstacles in their efforts to enforce Title IX. Title IX Coordinators develop and create collaborative networks of expertise that develop and build shared institutional influence. Using pre-existing relationships and sharing information and expertise, Title IX Coordinators partner with legal counsel, campus police, human resources, ombuds, student affairs, and other occupations to co-produce Title IX compliance.