Crowd density estimation using deep learning for Hajj pilgrimage video analytics

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms. This research proposes an algorithm based on a Convolutional Neural Networks model specifically for Hajj applications. Additionally, the work introduces a system for counting and then estimating the crowd density. Methods: The model adopts an architecture which detects each person in the crowd, spots head location with a bounding box and does the counting in our own novel dataset (HAJJ-Crowd). Results: Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method, and attains a remarkable Mean Absolute Error result of 200 (average of 82.0 improvement) and Mean Square Error of 240 (average of 135.54 improvement). Conclusions: In our new HAJJ-Crowd dataset for evaluation and testing, we have a density map and prediction results of some standard methods.

State of research and development of small spacecraft with optical communication

The current state of scientific and technical research and development of small space vehicles using optical communication systems is considered. The problems standing in the way of creating intersatellite optical communication are discussed as well as the mutual position of satellites determination and it tracking. Scientific tasks for the implementation of the development of an optimal reliable control system for satellite communication are defined.

The Problem of the Perpetuation of Site-Specific Installation Art

In the summer of 1961, Allan Kaprow (1927–2006) installed dozens of used car tyres in the courtyard of the Martha Jackson Townhouse Gallery in New York City. The artist had collected these tyres from a nearby garage and invited his friends and fellow artists to participate in the Happening called Yard.2 There was no audience except for the participants who jumped over the heaps of tyres and moved them around. Photographs of Yard show Kaprow arranging the tyres within the small space of the courtyard, which was officially the sculpture garden of the gallery. Apart from the photographs, accounts of the event are scarce, and the press hardly paid any attention to it. And yet, Yard became one of Kaprow’s seminal Happenings. The work has been acquired for many museum collections and was re-executed on numerous occasions, both by Kaprow and others, at different places and with other participants.

Crowd density estimation using deep learning for Hajj pilgrimage video analytics

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms. This paper aims to propose an algorithm based on a Convolutional Neural Networks model specifically for Hajj applications. Additionally, the work introduces a system for counting and then estimating the crowd density. Methods: The model adopts an architecture which detects each person in the crowd, spots head location with a bounding box and does the counting in our own novel dataset (HAJJ-Crowd). Results: Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method, and attains a remarkable Mean Absolute Error result of 200 (average of 82.0 improvement) and Mean Square Error of 240 (average of 135.54 improvement). Conclusions: In our new HAJJ-Crowd dataset for evaluation and testing, we have a density map and prediction results of some standard methods.

RELIVING - Rethinking the interior architecture during and after Pandemic situation

Architects are currently facing the understanding of the transformation of the work practices of people, teams and organizations in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Europe is still in the gloom of this pandemic and it can be seen changes in the office-domestic workplaces. These places have been mutating during the last year, they have been transformed according the new requirements. Individuals have adapted their homes and companies are already thinking the office space according the new reality. This study aims to determine how the interior space could adapt in order to provide comfort and well-being in contemplation of the contemporary and near future situation. The principal objective of this project was to create a tiny piece of space which contributes to create our “existence maximum” in a small space. To test the hypotheses that with the creation of a piece of furniture it can help us in the transformation of the domestic and office interior space is the key to make sure that people feel safe and work comfortably. Contemporary source material was used to examine the evolution of the pandemic and how it affects the individuals’ psychological behavior during this time. The findings provide a solid evidence base for the future will be a hybrid reality, where knowledge employees will continuously be working from home most of the time. It is evidently clear from the findings that as modernist architecture could be understood as a consequence of the result of some diseases of that period. Nowadays, architects have the responsibility to think how the interior architecture could be improved in order to make the people feel safe, comfortable and well connected where individuals could learn to live together confronting of our own homes and our own workspaces. The result is the design of an ergonomic workstation which contemplates the users’ requirements for working, providing adaptation to different working positions, mobility within the space and transformation according to individual needs. In addition, it has been considered the sustainability of the materials and the easy assembly with the possibility of the addition of accessories.

Numerical study of time delay singularly perturbed parabolic differential equations involving both small positive and negative space shifts

A time dependent singularly perturbed differential-difference equation is considered. The problem involves time delay and general small space shift terms. Taylor series approximation is used to expand the space shift term. A robust numerical scheme based on the backward Euler scheme for the time and classical upwind scheme for space is proposed. The convergence analysis is carried out. It is observed that the proposed scheme converges almost first order up to a logarithm term and optimal first order in space on the Shishkin and Bakhvalov–Shishkin mesh, respectively. Numerical results confirm the efficiency of the proposed scheme, which are in agreement with the theoretical bounds.

Cable Pulley Test

<div>This report will investigate the interactions regarding a cable pulley system within the nose landing gear. There is the possibility of tension drops occurring within this system. A test was done to determine the tension values within the system, this test was to isolate two possibilities that could</div><div>cause the tension drop. These two possibilities were structural deflection within the nose landing gear or the tension loss occurring within the pulley cluster. With this test it was found that there are in fact tension drops when the pulley cluster was used on a rigid system without the structural deformations of the nose landing gear. There are some discrepancies where a basic cable test was done without the pulley cluster and no tension drop was found. This would lead to an investigation to occur after this test</div><div>to determine why the tension drop happens with the cable and pulley cluster interaction. Some reasons to the tension drop within the pulley cluster would be unwinding of the cable as well as deformation occurring. There is however no definite answer for the tension drop as the observation was difficult within such a confined and small space of the pulley cluster.</div>

Cable Pulley Test

<div>This report will investigate the interactions regarding a cable pulley system within the nose landing gear. There is the possibility of tension drops occurring within this system. A test was done to determine the tension values within the system, this test was to isolate two possibilities that could</div><div>cause the tension drop. These two possibilities were structural deflection within the nose landing gear or the tension loss occurring within the pulley cluster. With this test it was found that there are in fact tension drops when the pulley cluster was used on a rigid system without the structural deformations of the nose landing gear. There are some discrepancies where a basic cable test was done without the pulley cluster and no tension drop was found. This would lead to an investigation to occur after this test</div><div>to determine why the tension drop happens with the cable and pulley cluster interaction. Some reasons to the tension drop within the pulley cluster would be unwinding of the cable as well as deformation occurring. There is however no definite answer for the tension drop as the observation was difficult within such a confined and small space of the pulley cluster.</div>

EFFECT OF THREE-WHEELED VEHICLES ON THE CAPACITY OF A TRAFFIC STREAM

Due to the tremendous development of the number and types of vehicles and a large number of traffic congestions, the phenomenon of the spread of three-wheeled vehicles, which is characterized by ease of movement, has recently appeared in Iraq because of a small space it occupies for its movement. The increase in their numbers exceeds the number of heavy vehicles in most urban areas in Iraq. Therefore, the current study has been devoted to studying the effect of those vehicles with three tires using a simulation program that has been previously developed and has been calibrated to suit the normal sections where the characteristics of these vehicles were included in terms of speed and length. Different ratios were used, ranging from (0-15) % for the first lane only. Some general traffic characteristics were examined, such as velocity-flow and flow-density and density-velocity relationship. The results showed that the presence of this type of vehicle has a significant impact on reducing road efficiency and increasing traffic congestion. The study recommends that a particular lane with a width of 2m on both directions of the roads be designated for the movement of these vehicles and keep them away from interference in the traffic flow of other cars.