Extractivism and Territorial Dispossession in Rural Colombia: A Decolonial Commitment to Campesinas’ Politics of Place

Linked to extractive practices, territorial dispossession can be traced back to the colonisation of Abya Yala. From a decolonial commitment, this article complicates notions of dispossession and extractivism as merely emerging from war in Colombia and focuses on their presence in Campesinas territories. Based on the conceptualisations of the coloniality of power and coloniality of gender, I narrate how territorial dispossession and extractivism are felt in women’s ‘body-lands’ through foreign tourism/conservation development and new export crops in two rural veredas in the Colombian Andes and in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta where I conducted participatory visual projects in 2016. From a relational understanding of place, I also demonstrate the ways that the rural population is resisting and negotiating within these processes. Ultimately, I make a call for feminist scholars to politically commit to the dismantling of the coloniality of gender, and to the resistances to territorial dispossession and extractivism (epistemic and economic) that rural women are leading in place in the Global South.

Reconstructing income inequality in a colonial cash crop economy: five social tables for Uganda, 1925–1965

This study contributes to an expanding literature on historical African inequality, presenting five social tables and income inequality estimates for Uganda between 1925 and 1965. I find that income inequality was mostly stable and overall low compared to other African colonies. Decomposition reveals important underlying fault lines and shifts. Income gaps between the African majority and a tiny Asian and European income elite accounted for a large share of overall inequality. Over time, inequality among Africans increased. Income from self-provisioning was a major equalizer in Uganda’s economy, which was characterized by land abundance and widespread smallholder cultivation of labor-intensive export crops.

Exploitation of Lagoon Water Bodies and Conflicts of Use: the Case of The Lagoons of Grand-Lahou (Cote D’ivoire)

Demographic pressure, the reduction of arable land and the instability of income generated by export crops have forced the people of Grand-Lahou to show more interest in fishing activities. Thus, the exploitation of water bodies is an important strategic and economic issue for the neighbouring populations. However, in recent years, this exploitation of aquatic resources has led to conflicts between operators. The aim of this article is to analyse the procedures for resolving these conflicts and to assess their effectiveness. The methodological approach has integrated field observations and analyses carried out on the basis of information collected through interviews with stakeholders. The results reveal various forms of conflict resolution with relative levels of effectiveness. This situation is a hindrance to the efficient use of Ivorian aquatic areas. It is therefore desirable for the State to play its role by proposing more effective ways of managing these conflicts.

The Role of Agricultural Production and Trade Integration in Sustainable Rural Development

Ethiopia is the second-most populous country in Africa with rainfed agriculture as a backbone of its economy. Most of the population, 79.3%, are rural residents. Sustainable rural development can be achieved if great attention is given to the labor-intensive sector of the country, agriculture, by improving the level of productivity through research-based information and technologies, increasing the supply of industrial and export crops, and ensuring the rehabilitation and conservation of natural resource bases with special consideration packages. The improvement in agricultural productivity alone cannot bring sustainable development unless supported by appropriate domestic and international trade. The main objective of this study is to identify and examine key determinants that influence agricultural productivity to assure food security, as well as to analyze domestic and foreign trade in agricultural products in Ethiopia.

Togo -2018 : Politique intérieure, affaires étrangères, développement socio-économique

ABSTRACT & RÉSUMÉ & ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Abstract: Throughout the year the controversial legislative elections dominated the political landscape. Huge anti-government demonstrations that called in vain for political alternance. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party, however without the expected constitutional amendment majority. Therefore, the prime minister and his cabinet were replaced. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grass-roots, but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e. g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. Unemployment and lacking political change caused increasing migration. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ : Tout au long de l'année, les élections législatives controversées ont dominé le paysage politique. D'énormes manifestations antigouvernementales réclamaient en vain une alternance politique. Les élections législatives du 20 décembre 2018, boycottées par les principaux partis de l'opposition, ont permis une victoire facile du parti au pouvoir, sans toutefois obtenir la majorité requise pour un amendement constitutionnel. Par conséquent, le Premier ministre et son cabinet ont été remplacés. Les élections locales, cruciales pour la démocratisation à la base, mais reportées à plusieurs reprises depuis 1987, ont été à nouveau reportées en décembre 2018 sine die. La croissance économique est restée stable à environ 5% par an. Les investissements publics dans les infrastructures (routes, ports, etc.) et l'augmentation de la productivité agricole, notamment des cultures d'exportation, ont été les principaux moteurs de la croissance économique. En outre, le blanchiment d’argent, les transferts d’argent illégal et le trafic se sont multipliés de manière alarmante. Le chômage et l'absence de changement politique ont provoqué une migration croissante. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Während des ganzen Jahres dominierten die umstrittenen Parlamentswahlen die politische Diskussion. Andauernde große Demonstrationen gegen die Regierung forderten vergeblich einen Wechsel an der politischen Macht. Die Parlamentswahlen vom 20. Dezember 2018, die von den großen Oppositionsparteien boykottiert wurden, führten zum leichten Sieg der Regierungspartei, jedoch ohne die erwartete qualifizierte Mehrheit für eine Verfassungsänderung. Deshalb traten der Premierminister und sein Kabinett zurück. Die für die Demokratisierung an der Basis entscheidenden Kommunalwahlen, die seit 1987 immer wieder verschoben wurden, wurden im Dezember 2018 erneut auf unbestimmte Zeit verschoben. Das Wirtschaftswachstum blieb stabil bei etwa 5% pro Jahr. Öffentliche Investitionen in die Infrastruktur (z. B. Straßen, Häfen) und die Steigerung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktivität, insbesondere von Exportkulturen, waren die Haupttreiber des Wirtschaftswachstums. Darüber hinaus nahmen Geldwäsche, illegale Geldüberweisungen und Menschenhandel alarmierend zu. Arbeitslosigkeit und mangelnde politische Wende führten zu einer zunehmenden Migration.

Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Kuna Tatar Sunda (Abad V –XVI)

Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Tatar Sunda pada abad ke-5 hingga abad ke-16. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan kerja, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah bahwa wilayah Tatar Sunda memiliki potensi ekonomi yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat faktor-faktor geografis. Tatar Sunda memiliki tanah yang sangat subur dan bisa ditanami oleh beragam jenis tanaman, termasuk tanaman ekspor yang sangat laku di pasar internasional. Di samping itu, wilayah Tatar Sunda pun cukup strategis karena memiliki banyak pelabuhan yang bisa dijadikan akses ke luar dan masuknya barang dan orang dari dalam dan luar Tatar Sunda.This article aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of the Tatar Sunda community in the 5th to the 16th century.The method used is a historical method that includes four stages of work, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.The result of this study is that the Tatar Sunda region has very high economic potential.This is possible because of geographical factors. Tatar Sunda has very fertile land and can be planted by various types of plants, including export crops needed on the international market.In addition, the Tatar Sunda region is also quite strategic because it has many ports that could be used as access to the outside and the entry of goods and people from inside and outside the Tatar Sunda.

Kondisi Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Kuna Tatar Sunda (Abad V –XVI)

Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Tatar Sunda pada abad ke-5 hingga abad ke-16. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan kerja, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah bahwa wilayah Tatar Sunda memiliki potensi ekonomi yang sangat tinggi. Hal ini dimungkinkan berkat faktor-faktor geografis. Tatar Sunda memiliki tanah yang sangat subur dan bisa ditanami oleh beragam jenis tanaman, termasuk tanaman ekspor yang sangat laku di pasar internasional. Di samping itu, wilayah Tatar Sunda pun cukup strategis karena memiliki banyak pelabuhan yang bisa dijadikan akses ke luar dan masuknya barang dan orang dari dalam dan luar Tatar Sunda.This article aims to analyze the socio-economic conditions of the Tatar Sunda community in the 5th to the 16th century.The method used is a historical method that includes four stages of work, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.The result of this study is that the Tatar Sunda region has very high economic potential.This is possible because of geographical factors. Tatar Sunda has very fertile land and can be planted by various types of plants, including export crops needed on the international market.In addition, the Tatar Sunda region is also quite strategic because it has many ports that could be used as access to the outside and the entry of goods and people from inside and outside the Tatar Sunda.