Separating Phages From Other Virus Families and Classifying the Different Phage Families By GI-Clusters

Background: Phages are the most abundant biological entities, but the commonly used clustering techniques are difficult to separate them from other virus families and classify the different phage families together.Results: This work uses GI-clusters to separate phages from other virus families and classify the different phage families, where GI-clusters are constructed by GI-features, GI-features are constructed by the togetherness with F-features, training data, MG-Euclidean and Icc-cluster algorithms, F-features are the frequencies of multiple-nucleotides that are generated from genomes of viruses, MG-Euclidean algorithm is able to put the nearest neighbors in the same mini-groups, and Icc-cluster algorithm put the distant samples to the different mini-clusters. For these viruses that the maximum element of their GI-features are in the same locations, they are put to the same GI-clusters, where the families of viruses in test data are identified by GI-clusters, and the families of GI-clusters are defined by viruses of training data.Conclusions: From analysis of 4 data sets that are constructed by the different family viruses, we demonstrate that GI-clusters are able to separate phages from other virus families, correctly classify the different phage families, and correctly predict the families of these unknown phages also.

Compact Quad-Element High-Isolation Wideband MIMO Antenna for mm-Wave Applications

This paper presents a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for millimeter-wave 5G wireless communication services. The proposed MIMO configuration is composed of four antenna elements, where each antenna possesses an HP-shaped configuration that features simple configuration and excellent performance. The proposed MIMO design can operate at a very wideband of 36.83–40.0 GHz (measured). Furthermore, the proposed MIMO antenna attains a peak gain of 6.5 dB with a maximum element-isolation of −45 dB. Apart from this, the MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain, and channel capacity (CCL) are analyzed, which demonstrate good characteristics across the operating band. The proposed antenna radiates efficiently with a radiation efficiency of above 80% at the desired frequency band which makes it a potential contender for the upcoming communication applications. The proposed design simulations were performed in the computer simulation technology (CST) software, and measured results reveal good agreement with the simulated one.

Software Methodology for Estimating the Efficiency of the Hardware Composition of Deep Packet Inspection System Using the Modernized Hooke ‒ Jeeves Method

Deep packet inspection systems on communication networks are used to identify the application generating a specific traffic flow. The issues related to modeling and design of deep packet inspection systems remain poorly understood. In this paper, a software technique for evaluating the effectiveness of the hardware composition of the servers of the deep packet inspection system is presented, using a mathematical model of such a system and software search methods. The description of the program search by the maximum element method and the Hook - Jeeves method is given. A modernization of the Hook-Jeeves method for a monotonically decreasing function is proposed. Comparison of the methods by the number of search steps is performed.

Smart restorative materials used in dentistry - A review

The expression "Smart restorative material" alludes to those that can be changed in controlled style for example, stress, temperature moisture, pH and electrical or attractive fields. The need of great importance is to present dental materials that have biomimicking properties of regular tooth structure. Different biocompatible materials have been presented and generally utilized in numerous fields of dentistry. Smart restorative behaviour of substances occurs while it detects a few improvements from the overall circumstance and responds to it in a helpful, reproducible and for the maximum element reversible way. A key component of smart conduct incorporates its capacity to come back to the first state. A portion of these materials utilized are altered glass ionomers, calcium phosphate discharging pit and fissure sealants, smart composites, smart ceramic, compomers, orthodontic shape-memory alloys, amalgams, smart impression materials, smart sutures, smart burs, smart endodontic files and so forth. These materials have changed the dentistry and are the start of another part in Biosmart Dentistry.

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK USING THE METHOD OF INCREASING THE RECEPTIVE FIELD

In many pattern recognition problems solved using convolutional neural networks (CNN), one of the important characteristics of network architecture is the size of the convolution kernel, since it coincides with the size of the maximum element that can act as a recognition sign. However, increasing the size of the convolution kernel greatly increases the number of tunable network parameters. The method of effective receptive field was first applied on AlexNet in 2012. The practical application of the method of increasing the effective receptive field without increasing convolution kernel size is discussed in this article. A presented example of a small network designed to recognize a fire in apicture demonstrates the use of an effective receptive field which consists of a stack of smaller convolutions. Comparison of a original network with a large convolution core and a modified network with a stack of smaller cores shows that, with equal network characteristics, such as prediction accuracy, prediction time, the number of parameters in the network with an effective receptive field, the number of tunable parameters is significantly reduced.

On Finding and Enumerating Maximal and Maximum k-Partite Cliques in k-Partite Graphs

Let k denote an integer greater than 2, let G denote a k-partite graph, and let S denote the set of all maximal k-partite cliques in G. Several open questions concerning the computation of S are resolved. A straightforward and highly-scalable modification to the classic recursive backtracking approach of Bron and Kerbosch is first described and shown to run in O(3n/3) time. A series of novel graph constructions is then used to prove that this bound is best possible in the sense that it matches an asymptotically tight upper limit on |S|. The task of identifying a vertex-maximum element of S is also considered and, in contrast with the k = 2 case, shown to be NP-hard for every k ≥ 3. A special class of k-partite graphs that arises in the context of functional genomics and other problem domains is studied as well and shown to be more readily solvable via a polynomial-time transformation to bipartite graphs. Applications, limitations, potentials for faster methods, heuristic approaches, and alternate formulations are also addressed.

Some Enumerations on Non-Decreasing Dyck Paths

We construct a formal power series on several variables that encodes many statistics on non-decreasing Dyck paths. In particular, we use this formal power series to count peaks, pyramid weights, and indexed sums of pyramid weights for all non-decreasing Dyck paths of length $2n.$ We also show that an indexed sum on pyramid weights depends only on the size and maximum element of the indexing set.

Multidisciplinary Optimization of Helicopter Gearbox Housing Structural Vibration Based on ARSM

A comprehensive numerical method to optimize a helicopter gearbox housing vibration characteristic is presented. Thicknesses of all the shells are considered to be design variables. The variables that have more effect to the responses than others are found by sensitivity analysis through orthogonal experiment, decreasing computational cost and improving the efficiency. An adaptive response surface method is applied to maximize the first-order natural frequency with the constraint of stress and mass to reduce structural vibration and satisfy strength and mass requirements at the same time, which is a multidisciplinary optimization problem. The results show that the maximum nodal displacement frequency response is lessened 58% and the maximum element stress is 29% less than the original housing structure.