TYPES OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS. INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR SILANIZATION. REVIEW

Background: Dental sealants have been used to reduce the incidence and severity of dental caries in the pits and fissures of teeth for over 40 years. Since that time, numerous scientific discoveries have led to the development of multiple generations of new sealant materials. Aim: The aim of this paper is to summarize the findings of reviews regarding the types of pit and fissure sealants, indications and contraindications for their use. Methods and materials: Previous systematic reviews on this topic were used as the basis for the current review. Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, and a few other bibliographic databases were searched for English and Bulgarian-language articles. The year of publication of the searched articles was limited from 2000 to 2020. Only articles in English and Bulgarian languages were read in full. Results: A total of 114 articles were identified by the literature search, the title and abstract of the articles were examined. Twenty-four original research studies met the inclusion criteria. They were read in full, and evidence was extracted for types of pit and fissure sealants, as well as indications and contraindications for their use. Conclusion: Evidence derived from the literature led to the conclusion that sealants are effective in preventing pit and fissure occlusal carious. The selection of the material used for silanization is made depending on a few factors that should be considered, such as patient's and tooth age, child's behavior and ability to isolate the surfaces which are going to be sealed. Regular examinations are required to be able to determine the need for reapplication of sealants and to maximize the effectiveness and results of the treatment.

Release of Bisphenol A from Pit and Fissure Sealants According to Different pH Conditions

Changes in intraoral pH can cause changes in the chemical decomposition and surface properties of treated resin-based pits and fissure sealants (sealant). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from sealants under three different pH conditions over time. The test specimen was applied with 6 sealants 5 mg each on a glass plate (10 × 10 mm) and photopolymerized. The samples were immersed for 10 min, 1 h, and 24 h in solutions of pH 3.0, 6.5, and 10.0 at 37 °C. BPA release was measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. A statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA to verify the effect of pH conditions and time on BPA release. The BPA concentration in the pH 3.0 group was higher at all points than with pH 6.5 and pH 10.0 (p < 0.05), and gradually increased over time (p < 0.05). As a result, it was confirmed that low pH negatively influences BPA release. Therefore, frequent exposure to low pH due to the consumption of various beverages after sealant treatment can negatively affect the sealant’s chemical stability in the oral cavity.

Pit and fissure sealants — A review

Caries on the occlusal surface of dentition is a significant dental health problem. Among all of the teeth particularly molars and premolars have greater susceptibility to caries. Their susceptibility to caries is probably related to its occlusal morphology. Use of fissure sealant and fluoride have been shown to play an important role in reducing caries. This can be possible through converting the caries susceptible areas like pits and fissures into glazed surface which prevent bacterial colonization and makes the tooth easy to clean. Pit and fissure areas of enamel do not receive sufficient protection from topical or systemic fluorides, the reason for ineffectiveness of fluorides in the pit and fissure caries may be due to inaccessibility to these areas and due to the differences in enamel thickness. The most efficient way to prevent pit and fissure caries is by effectively sealing the fissures using resins called pit and fissure sealants.

Effect of Saliva/Blood Contamination on Enamel Bond Strength

In the routine clinical situation, the contamination by blood and/or saliva in restorative procedures can be happen in non-cooperation of the patient in dental office. The aim of the study was to assess in vitro shear bond strength of a resin sealant associated with two types of adhesives contaminated with saliva and blood. Healthy human molars were used and the specimens and the crowns were sectioned in the bucco-lingual direction, thus obtaining two segments of similar proportions (mesial and distal), totaling 60 surfaces, and the surfaces were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 15). Group I (control) received no type of contamination and the sealant was applied. In group II, the surfaces were contaminated with 10 μl of saliva/blood and the sealant was applied. In group III, the surfaces were contaminated with 10 μl of saliva/blood and the Single Bond total-etch adhesive system was applied followed by application of sealant. In group IV, the surfaces were contaminated with 10 μl of saliva/blood and the Prime & Bond NT total-etch adhesive system was applied followed by the application of sealant. Samples were tested in the universal testing machine and the analysis of shear bond strength was performed. A difference between Group I (12.61MPa) and the other groups was found; Group II (2. 28MPa) was different than Groups III (7.07MPa) and IV (7.79MPa), but Groups III and IV were similar. The application of an adhesive system when there is contamination with saliva/blood is required prior to application of pit and fissure sealants. Keywords: Pit and Fissure Sealants. Biological Contamination. Shear Strength. ResumoNa situação clínica de rotina, a contaminação por sangue e/ou saliva em procedimentos restauradores pode ocorrer em pacientes que não colaboram no consultório odontológico. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento in vitro de um selante de resina associado a dois tipos de adesivos contaminados com saliva e sangue. Foram utilizados molares humanos saudáveis e os espécimes e as coroas foram seccionados na direção bucal-lingual, obtendo assim dois segmentos de proporções semelhantes (mesial e distal), totalizando 60 superfícies, e as superfícies foram divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos (n = 15). O Grupo I (controle) não recebeu nenhum tipo de contaminação e o selante foi aplicado. No grupo II, as superfícies foram contaminadas com 10 μl de saliva / sangue e o selante foi aplicado. No grupo III, as superfícies foram contaminadas com 10 μl de saliva / sangue e o sistema adesivo Single-Bond foi aplicado seguindo a aplicação de selante. No grupo IV, as superfícies foram contaminadas com 10 μl de saliva / sangue e o sistema adesivo de ataque total Prime & Bond NT foi aplicado seguido da aplicação de vedante. As amostras foram testadas na máquina de ensaio universal e a análise da resistência à ligação ao cisalhamento foi realizada. Uma diferença entre o Grupo I (12,61MPa) e os outros grupos foi encontrada; O Grupo II (2,28 MPa) foi diferente dos Grupos III (7,07MPa) e IV (7,79 MPa), mas os Grupos III e IV foram semelhantes. A aplicação de um sistema adesivo quando existe contaminação com saliva / sangue é necessária antes da aplicação de selantes de fissura e fissura.. Palavras-chave: Selantes de Fossas e Fissuras. Contaminação Biológica. Resistência ao Cisalhamento.

CARIES PREVENTION THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS FOR MAKASSAR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Background: Dental and oral diseases are progressive and accumulative diseases that can affect all age groups. Dental caries is the most common dental disease in Indonesia. One of the preventive measures is to apply pit and fissure sealants to teeth with deep pits and fissures. Objective: The purpose of this activity is to help improving the oral health of the community through preventive efforts in the form of pit and fissure sealant applications. Methods: The implementation of this community service activity was conducted through several stages, namely preparation, data collection, problem identification, and implementation of activities. Results: The average caries index of the targeted students was in the high category. There were 5 children who need pit and fissure sealant application. Conclusion: This community service activity had been conducted according to plan. The community, in this case elementary school students, got preventive services in the field of dental health, especially the application of pit and fissure sealants.

A Comparative Analysis of Penetration and Adaptation of Two Types of Light Cure Pit and Fissure Sealants: An In-vitro Study

Background: Pit and fissure sealants are well-known for their ability to prevent occlusal caries. Given the difficulties of maintaining complete isolation for longer periods of time when treating young patients, a streamlined sealant application process is needed. As a result, the goal of the present study is to compare the penetration and adaption of 2 types of light cure sealants. Objectives: To evaluate the adaptation and penetration of Conseal f ‘pit and fissure sealant’. To evaluate the adaptation and penetration of PF seal SE ‘pit and fissure sealant’. To evaluate comparison of adaptation and penetration between two types of light cure sealants. Methodology: This will be an in-vitro comparative study, which will consist of 2 categories - Group I (acid-etch fissure sealant, Conseal f) and Group II (self-etch fissure sealant, PF seal SE). A total of 20 extracted permanent teeth will then be classified into 2 groups of 10 teeth respectively and stereomicroscope will be used to compare the penetration and adaptation between two types of light cure pit and fissure sealants. Expected Results: The study will evaluate the penetration and adaptation of two types of light cure sealants on the tooth surface which will provide the efficacy of the sealant. Conclusion: The study will determine the sealing and penetration and adaption capacity of the sealant by the light cure method. And the sealants are beneficial and biocompatible in preventing, stopping the advancement of non-cavitated carious lesions. Additional study is needed to determine the relative advantages of the various categories of sealant material. In practice, the benefits of sealing should be examined locally, and practitioners should follow specific standards.