Metamorphization of zonal hydrochemical composition of surface and groundwater of Ukraine under the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors

An integrated method of functional diagnostics of basin geosystems through quantitative assessment of anthropogenic (drainage reclamation) or natural factors (climate) on the change of hydrochemical composition of surface and groundwater is presented. The method is based on the natural latitudinal and vertical zonation of the hydrochemical composition of surface and groundwater, as a manifestation of the geomembrane properties of the pedosphere. The stages of the quantitative assessment of the impact of increasing drainage reclamation areas in the Styr and Irpin river basins, were a linear regression analysis of chronological series of the content of each of the macrocomponents of the river water composition in the closing line for 1947-1989, and also the dynamics of increasing reclamation areas and correlation analysis of the obtained dependencies. To increase the closeness of the correlation, the hydrochemical composition was presented in %-equivalent form, which most accurately characterizes the ratio of macrocomponents, but does not depend on the total mineralization of water. A decrease in the content of such typomorphic ions as hydrocarbons and calcium and an increase in the content of other macrocomponents and mineralization were found statistically significantly with increasing drainage areas. In general, with increasing areas of drainage reclamation, there is an aridization of the hydrochemical composition of river water. The change of hydrochemical type of river water according to the classification of О.О. Alekina. The obtained parametric models of time trends of the content of macrocomponents of hydrochemical composition allowed to determine the limiting area of reclamation of the basins of two rivers and to predict changes in the hydrochemical type of water in the direction of its aridization. Stopping the construction of new reclamation systems and reducing the efficiency of agricultural use of drained lands leads to the restoration of the hydrochemical composition of rivers in the direction of their reclamation development. Approbation of the created method of functional diagnostics was carried out on five reclamation systems of Prykarpattia and in the basin of the Western Bug river and its branches proved its high efficiency and perspective for the creation of parametric models of the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on chemical composition and quality of water resources.

Samples of standard operating procedures performed by mid-level workers in departments and rooms of functional diagnostics

As an example standard operating procedures performed by nurses in functional diagnostics departments are given. Methods of registration of electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, spirogram, setting of recorders for Holter monitoring and blood pressure monitoring are considered.

Survey among Russian doctors on routine electroencephalography

The aim of the work was to assess how accurately specialists, performing EEG, apply the recommendations in their daily practice.Materials and Methods. An anonymous survey was conducted of 210 specialists in functional diagnostics and neurologists performing routine electroencephalography. The survey consisted of nine mandatory single-choice questions.Results. Only 9 respondents out of 210 (4.3%) perform routine EEG completely in accordance with the Recommendations of the Expert Council of Neurophysiology of the Russian Anti-Epileptic League on performing the routine EEG.' Of these, only three specialists (1.4% of the total number of respondents) answered that a functional diagnostics doctor is present throughout the entire examination.Conclusion: Despite the wide distribution and extensive experience in the use of EEG, there is no uniform practice of its implementation by doctors in the Russian Federation. Standardization of the methodology of its performance will increase confidence in EEG results among doctors of clinical specialties, increase the degree of inter-expert agreement among functional diagnostics physicians, and improve the quality of diagnosis of central nervous system diseases. To do this, it is necessary to develop webinar and educational programs on the methodology of EEG under the auspices of professional associations of doctors of functional diagnostics, neurophysiologists, neurologists.

DIAGNOSTICS OF SENSORINEURAL DISORDERS IN HAND-ARM VIBRATION SYNDROME (HAVS) - UPDATED APPROACHES

The earliest and most frequent manifestation of HAVS is limb polyneuropathy with sensory disorders. The study was conducted in order to assess the various types of sensory modality disorders by methods of functional diagnostics in HAVS. The main group of patients with an established diagnosis of HAVS and a control group of healthy individuals who have not worked in harmful and dangerous working conditions during their lives were examined. The methods of computer pallesthesiometry, quantitative sensory testing (QST) and stimulation electroneuromyography were used in the study. A comprehensive study revealed disorders of the perception of sensitivity of various modalities (vibration, pain and temperature), which indicated damage to all types of peripheral nerve structures when exposed to local vibration-unmyelinated fibers (C–type), myelinated (A-beta-type) and weakly myelinated (A-delta–type).

Supraventricular tachycardia: modern methods of diagnosis and treatment (мethodical recommendations)

Methodical recommendations are devoted to one of the most pressing problems of cardiology – paroxysmal heart rhythm disorders in clinical practice. The recommendations consider the basic principles of determining supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) and their electrophysiological mechanisms. The clinic and features of ECG diagnostics of separate forms of tachycardias are stated. Emergency care and long-term therapy for SVT with narrow and wide QRS complexes are presented. Methods of treatment and algorithms for the management of patients with SVT in accordance with the updated in 2019 recommendations of the European Association of Cardiologists for the management of patients with SVT, antiarrhythmic drugs and their use, the principles of catheter treatment of tachycardia. Recommendations are addressed to cardiologists, therapists, doctors of functional diagnostics, general practitioners and family medicine, interns.

What is our method of functional diagnostics of the kidneys and what does it allow

After I proposed a simple clinical method for determining the functional ability of the kidneys, I was repeatedly asked the question - how to reconcile the data I obtained with the pathological and anatomical data, or how to build a bridge between them and, say, the classification of Vоlhard and Fаhr? !