Abstract
We evaluated effects of rate of gain during the first 84 d of gestation on composition of colostrum and milk. At breeding, forty-five Angus-based heifers received either a basal total mixed ration allowing 0.28 kg/d gain [low gain (LG), n = 23] or basal diet plus starch-based supplement allowing 0.79 kg/d gain [moderate gain (MG), n = 22] for 84 days. Heifers were then managed on a common diet until parturition. Colostrum samples (50 mL) were collected before first suckling. Milk samples (50 mL) were collected 6 hours after calf removal on d 62 ± 10 and 103 ± 10 postpartum. Samples were collected by stripping each teat 15 to 20 times after discarding the first 5 strips. At d 103 sampling techniques were compared by collecting a second sample after 1 mL oxytocin administration and 90 sec lag. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Fat, protein, somatic cell count (SCC), milk urea nitrogen, and other solids were analyzed in colostrum for effect of treatment, whereas milk was evaluated for effects of treatment, day and their interaction. Heifer was experimental unit and significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Colostrum SCC was greater (P = 0.05) in LG (6,949 ± 739 cells/mL) than MG (4,776 ± 796 cells/mL). In milk, protein and other solids were greater (P ≤ 0.03) in MG (3.02 ± 0.03 and 6.20 ± 0.02 %, respectively) than LG (2.87 ± 0.03 and 6.14 ± 0.02 %, respectively). On d 103, oxytocin administration and extended lag time after teat stimulation (0.96 ± 0.05 %) increased fat content in milk (P < 0.01) compared with immediate milk sample collection (0.34 ± 0.05 %). Nutrition during early gestation had a sustained impact on milk composition and techniques of oxytocin administration results in greater milk fat content.