EXAMINATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND THE ADDITIVITY ASSUMPTION IN THE STRESS EVALUATION OF CHROMATIC LED LIGHTINGS

The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological and psychological effects of chromatic lighting through the subjective experiments. In this paper, we first compared the psychological effects of various illuminance and chromatic lights and confirmed the main effect of light colour on psychological stress. In the monochromatic lights, the green lights were stressless and the red lights were stressful. Among the mixed lights made of two kinds of monochromatic lights, the yellow lights tended to be stressless. We also examined the additivity of psychological stress from the viewpoint of irradiance. The result shows that the additivity could be assumed among blue, red, and their mixed light magenta at the conditions of 53 lx in front of the eyes, however, the additivity of other mixed colour lights needs to be investigated in the future with more experimental data.

Yellow Light Decision Based On Driving Style: Day Or Night？

Drivers' driving decisions at yellow lights are an important cause of accidents at intersections. According to previous studies driving style is an important basis for deciding whether a driver passes a yellow light or not. This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of different driving styles on driving decisions at yellow lights under different lighting conditions. In this paper, 64 licensed drivers were recruited to study the effect of different driving styles on the decision to drive through yellow lights under both daytime and nighttime lighting conditions using a driving simulator and a VR device. The results showed that maladjusted drivers were faster and more likely to pass the yellow light than adapted drivers (81.25% > 43.75%) in both day and night. Male drivers had higher overall driving style scores than female drivers, and male drivers were faster and more likely to pass a yellow light than female drivers (56.25% > 31.25%). The study also found that inexperienced drivers were faster and more likely to pass a yellow light than experienced drivers (50% > 37.5%). Overall, maladjusted drivers are more likely to pass yellow lights, and we can improve this situation by enhancing driving learning for maladjusted drivers.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION ON PERJUANGAN AND VETERAN STREET MARTAPURA BANJAR DISTRICT

The intersection of Jl. Perjuangan – Jl. Veteran is located in Martapura City, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. At this intersection there are only cautionary street lights or yellow lights, then the Intersection condition which is the road to residential areas, schools, shops, and traditional markets to support the occurrence of traffic jams and accidents Primary data or data taken from the field include geometric conditions, environmental conditions, side barriers, traffic volume at the Intersection of Jalan Perjuangan - Jalan Veteran Martapura City. Secondary data includes the number of residents in Martapura City and data on the growth of the number of vehicles. Furthermore, the data samples were analyzed using the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI, 1997) to find out whether Intersection performance is still feasible or not. If the results of the analysis show that the Intersection performance is no longer feasible, it is necessary to solve the problem. At the intersection, Jl. Perjuangan - Jl. Veteran, Martapura City, Banjar Regency, on a unsignal condition, obtained a degree of saturation (DS) of 0.76 and delay (D) of all intersections of 12.7 seconds / smp with the Service Level Index at B, which indicates that at the intersection still has good conditions. After forecasting analysis, it is found that in the 6th year the degree of saturation (DS) is 1.11 and the whole delay is 26.21 seconds / smp with the Service Level Index in class D where the intersection has reached a bad condition or must be done intersection management analysis. By analyzing the form of intersection management when applied with a signalized intersection, the alternative 2 phase proposal is the best which is seen from the degree of saturation and delay with the value of Degree Saturation (DS) 0.74 and Delay (D) 18,33 seconds / smp with the intersection service level becomes C.

Assessing Drivers’ Compliance with Restrictive Yellow Traffic Lights in a Developing Country

Driving rules adopt permissive or restrictive policies concerning yellow light running (YLR). In a restrictive policy, vehicles behind the stop line are not allowed to enter the intersection on yellow no matter how close they are to the stop line. YLR policy affects driving risks, safety, and operation. There is limited knowledge about the restrictive policy and drivers’ compliance with this rule. Previous studies on YLR are limited in scope since they tended to use binary stop/go decision models without considering red light running decisions. This potentially results in the loss of information about drivers’ conformity to red signals. This paper examines whether drivers are only non-compliant with yellow lights or whether non-conformity to any prohibitive yellow/red signal emerges as a wider behavioral issue. This study develops regression choice models to predict drivers’ illegal yellow-light passing decisions in a developing country with a poor safety record and explores reasons for drivers’ non-compliance. The results obtained show that the restrictive policy is ineffective in relation to driver compliance, especially in cases where drivers’ non-conformity to any restrictive rule emerges as a behavioral issue of concern. Drivers make their stop/go decisions according to the time needed to cross the intersection, and they consider the yellow light as an opportunity for crossing. Yellow (red) light running rates were 101 (31) per 1,000 vehicles per hour (vph) for the restrictive policy, whereas these rates for the U.S.A., with a permissive policy, were at most 29 (6) per 1,000 vph.

Monte Carlo Simulation Approach to the Duration of Yellow Lights at Signalized Intersections Considering the Stochastic Characteristics of Drivers

In China, around 90% of traffic crashes at signalized intersections take place within the signal change intervals, especially during signal change from green to red. Hence, yellow time, which is a part of inter-green time, is of great significance to the safety of signalized intersections. The conventional calculation method for duration of yellow light (DYL) ignores the stochastic characteristics of drivers, which we believe is an important factor in this calculation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate a new approach to calculate DYL based on safety reliability theory in which the randomness of human factors is taken into consideration. Firstly, a comprehensive literature review concerning the conventional calculation methods of DYL is conducted. Secondly, a theoretical calculation method of DYL based on safety reliability theory is put forward which, different from the conventional methods, accounts for the stochastic characteristics of drivers. Additionally, a driving simulation experiment is designed to obtain two driving behavior parameters of Chinese drivers: perception–reaction time (PRT) and safe acceptable acceleration (SAA). Thirdly, a Monte Carlo simulation is employed to simulate the interactive process of PRT and SAA, and solve the proposed model. Finally, according to the Monte Carlo simulation results, a look-up table describing the relationship between DYL, safety reliability (50–90%) and approaching speed (15–40 km/h) is made. Results show that this method successfully incorporates the probabilistic nature of driving behavior. Taking the safety reliability into consideration can provide a more reasonable method to calculate the DYL of signalized intersections.

Perubahan perilaku Callosobruchus maculatus Faaabricius terhadap warna cahaya pada kacang-kacangan di penyimpanan

Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) adalah salah satu species serangga dari ordo Coleoptera, family Brucidae yang merupakan hama kacang-kacangan di gudang penyimpanan. Kerusakan kacang selama penyimpanan diawali dengan perilaku oviposisi telur serangga betina dewasa pada kotiledon biji kacang. Serangga C. maculatus (Fab.) tidak menyukai tempat dengan cahaya terang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati perubahan perilaku oviposisi dan kopulasi serangga dewasa pada kacang-kacangan dengan penerangan empat warna cahaya pada ruang penyimpanan. Pengamatan dan analisis data menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Faktor petama menggunakan cahaya lampu merah, kuning, hijau dan putih, sedangkan faktor kedua terdiri dari tiga jenis kacang (Fabaceae) yaitu kacang hijau, kacang kedelai dan kacang merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perilaku oviposisi telur terjadi pada cahaya lampu kuning, sedangkan perilaku kopulasi terjadi pada cahaya lampu merah. Cahaya lampu merah dan kuning dapat memengaruhi perilaku oviposisi dan kopulasi Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.).ABSTRACTCallosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) is one of the insect species of the order Coleoptera, family Brucidae which is a pest for stored beans. Damage to beans during the storage starts with the behavior of the egg oviposition of adult female insects on bean seed cotyledons. C. maculatus (Fab.) do not like to be in a bright place. This study aimed to observe changes in the behavior of oviposition and copulation of adult insects in beans with four-colour lighting in the storage. The observation and analysis of data used factorial completely randomized design. The first factor were light colors; red, yellow, green, and white light while the second factor consists of three types of beans (Fabaceae); green beans, soybeans and red beans. The results showed that copulation behavior occurred in red light. While the oviposition behavior of eggs occured in yellow light. The red and yellow lights can affect the behavior of oviposistion and copulation of C.maculatus (Fab.).