Manufacturing Labor Discipline

Josiah Wedgwood, the Montgolfier family, and Samuel Bentham were leading producers during the early industrial era. A pottery manufacturer, a family of papermakers, and the Inspector-General of Britain's Naval Works, they all occupied the highest perch in their fields. This article considers the efforts by these eminent figures to control the exercise and reproduction of skill in their shops. It examines their attempts to build internal labor markets and blend carefully trained, home-grown hands with novel systems of work discipline and fresh technologies. In doing so, this article assesses the success and limits of the entrepreneurial trio's designs in the coming of mechanized production.

Manufacturing Labor Discipline

Josiah Wedgwood, the Montgolfier family, and Samuel Bentham were leading producers during the early industrial era. A pottery manufacturer, a family of papermakers, and the Inspector-General of Britain’s Naval Works, they all occupied the highest perch in their fields. This article considers the efforts by these eminent figures to control the exercise and reproduction of skill in their shops. It examines their attempts to build internal labor markets and blend carefully trained, home-grown hands with novel systems of work discipline and fresh technologies. In doing so, this article assesses the success and limits of the entrepreneurial trio’s designs in the coming of mechanized production.

Poetic Voice: Evanescence and Animation in Early Victorian Verse

Chapter 1 examines the mechanization of print and the changes to literary publishing in the commercial market of the 1820s and 1830s. It investigates mechanical reproduction as a formal phenomenon and argues that the mechanized production of poetry produces a rupture within poetic voice. The dialogue identified across the poems and the reviews focuses on the relation of sound and meaning. Two key concerns are the material nature of poetic voice when it is commodified and copied for a mass market and the traversing of voice from poet to reader. Landon, Hemans, and Tennyson are compared to Wordsworth to establish the difference between early Romantic and late Romantic/early Victorian verse. The three case studies are Landon’s periodical poetry for The Literary Gazette, poetry from Tennyson’s early 1830s and 1842 volumes, and Browning’s Pauline.

Restructuring Educational Institutions for Growth in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR): A Systematic Review

Industrial Revolutions basically have transformed human lives. We have gone from hand production to mechanized production into computerization or automation of concepts into products (Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)). However, 4IR urges the process of transferring data from digital domains and offline reality via interconnected systems to improve lives. The technologies in 4IR enter into varying areas, such as the economy, medicine and education. Educational institutions have contributed greatly to reshaping future technologies by being the test laboratories for innovations. In the meanwhile, there is an immense need for looking beyond the traditional educational approach. This can be achieved by strategically employing the trending technologies to prepare students and educators with the right kind of knowledge and set of skills. It is imperative to ask questions about how the delivery of education will be undertaken and how educational institutions will be restructured by the 4IR to prepare students for the challenges ahead.

The Politics of Time in Colonial Bombay: Labor Patterns and Protest in Cotton Mills

This article examines the modes of time and work discipline that emerged through factory industry in colonial Bombay. Based on a wide range of archival sources, it shows that mechanized production did not invariably suggest a transition from task-based, irregular to clock-measured, rationally organized work patterns. Operating simultaneously within temporal orders constructed by the global economy, agriculture, family, and community, cotton mills combined new disciplinary practices with a flexible approach to labor. Gender, marital status, religion, skill, and position in the manufacturing chain influenced the pace and duration of work as well as subjective experiences of time at the factory. By maintaining the diversity and flexibility of time organization, mill owners could adjust production to fluctuations in market demand. At the same time, the strategy facilitated and obscured exploitation. As the industry grew, workers developed a language of resistance that emphasized the value of regular and standard work patterns defined with reference to clock hours and calendar days. In the factories of colonial Bombay, clocks were not just symbols of discipline and subjugation but also instruments of resistance and negotiation.

Morphological characterization and selection of castor bean accessions for mechanized production1

ABSTRACT Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed found in different regions worldwide, due to its easy propagation and adaptability. Cropping more productive disease-resistant genotypes that enable a mechanized production ensures greater economic returns for farmers. This study aimed to morphologically characterize and select promising castor bean accessions for mechanized cropping, mainly as a source of genetic variability for breeding programs with this purpose. Fifty accessions were assessed. Analysis of variance, dissimilarity clustering via the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The dissimilarity analysis based on the Gower distance for qualitative and quantitative variables revealed three groups of accessions and the principal component analysis enabled the selection of those with desirable traits. The accessions BOC1, PRAT1 and SM2 exhibited morpho-agronomic characteristics of interest to the mechanized production, such as ideal plant height, diameter, seed weight and oil content. Such genotypes show a potential for use as genitors in genetic breeding programs of castor bean.

AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION FOR GAS LIFT WELLS

The paper deals with the problem of automation of one of the methods of mechanized production - gas lift wells operation. The main advantages of this method of operation are its low cost, work with high gas content, simplicity of the design of deep equipment, fast repair in cattle, minimal power consumption and control and automation of the extraction process at the expense of the Gazlift process control system. This complex is designed to control the process of gas-lift oil production by remote control, as well as the collection and processing of information from primary transducers, the ability to control actuators that provide optimal performance of wells, as well as the ability to quickly change the mode of operation of wells.

3. Reinforced concrete

Reinforced concrete lends itself to a structural form called the cantilever, where a slab or beam is hung outwards from one side, suspended without columns, counter-weighted by a mass of structure behind. ‘Reinforced concrete’ explains how concrete structures came to represent radically opposing ideas of high capitalism and communism in the 20th century. It explores how concrete—paradoxically liquid and solid, formless and formed, natural and human-made—became associated with attempts to rethink social order and mechanized production. The work of Le Corbusier is described, with the development of Garden Cities, megastructures, and brutalism. Concrete encouraged the reimagination of modern architecture, but its peculiarities also exposed modern architecture to question.