NATURE AND RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FIRST GARDEN CITIES IN GALICIA: “SALWATOR” IN KRAKOW AND “NOVYI SVIT” IN LVIV

The article discloses the peculiarities of the nature and residential environment in the first garden cities in Galicia: “Salwator” in Krakow and “Novyi Svit” in Lviv. The topicality of the issue is predetermined by the need for supplementing and developing available scientific researches related to the study of the garden city concept as well as for analyzing profoundly and comparing the architectural and townplanning structures of the garden cities in Galicia at the early stages of their development. Both general scientific methods (historical, comparative, structural analysis), and special field observations have been used. This comprehensive approach has enabled us to point out the special features (planning, functional) of the garden cities as exemplified by Lviv and Krakow. It has been proven that the development of the architecture and town planning of the above cities in the early ХХth century corresponds to the general European trends, while the concept of garden cities was implemented in a fragmented way, that is in the form of gardens-on-the-outskirts.

PRINCIPLES AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GARDEN CITY CONCEPT: AN ARCHITECTURAL ASPECT

The article highlights the semantic meaning of the term "garden city", the formation of the garden city concept and its spread in the global architectural space. The question of the influence of the idea of a garden city on the incipience of new phenomena in architecture and urban planning, in particular, the New Urbanism movement, is revealed. Examples of the implemented garden cities outline the factors that can ensure a balance between the nature of the environment and the high urban loads that are characteristic of the present time. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to systematize the available factual and analytical materials for further popularization of the principles, which were established in the garden city concept

The role of healthcare facilities in the cityscape of post-war Sevastopol

Elaboration of architectural and landscape projects in Sevastopol is first considered through the example of healthcare facilities. Sevastopol hospitals were designed with a pavilion planning system and high-quality landscaping. They became part of a number of residential neighborhoods created in a similar way to garden cities during the revival of the hero city after the Great Patriotic War.

Reviewed Interpretations and Inspirations on the Development and Strategies of Garden City Theory in Singapore

Reconceptualising the construction of Garden Cities in Singapore from the perspective of the history of urban development and urbanization, in conjunction with the development and trends of vertical greening systems. To summarise the principles of development in modern ecosystems in the context of rapid urbanisation and high population density trends: 1. Long-term planning and adherence to ecological principles are required for urban construction and development. 2. Urban development should insist on controlling and guiding the urbanisation process. 3. Strong executive and coordination capacity of the government is an essential force for the development of new cities. 4. The cultivation of urban culture is required to be initiated by the government to promote social consensus and directing the power of the public. 5. Respond to the trend of the times and make flexible use of science and technology (vertical ecosystems) to solve urban problems.

The contribution of Welwyn Garden City to the international diffusion of the British garden city idea

The centenary of Welwyn Garden City is a good opportunity to take stock of the international diffusion of the British Garden City Movement and particularly the contribution of wgc as a global influencer, especially in the United States of America. The Movement has been much studied by architects, town planners and urban designers, and by urban and planning historians. Yet beyond professional circles and those that live in the garden cities, the British people remain largely unaware of the global influence of the two most important British garden cities of the twentieth century, namely Letchworth and Welwyn. The Garden City Movement impacted town planning globally, assisted in no small part by the contribution of the leading garden city advocate, Frederic Osborn.

Food and the garden city

The theme of food is central to Ebenezer Howard's garden city model and today has wider resonances for sustainable placemaking in the context of the climate emergency. This exploration of food and the garden city uses morphological, historical and contemporary sources to examine the planning and urban design interplay of garden cities and food, past and present. It focuses primarily on the experience of Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City, but draws on other garden settlement examples from Europe, the Americas, and the Middle East to understand more about Howard's original food vision and the ways that this has been variously adapted, diminished, distorted and rediscovered. Concluding with a brief review of Letchworth Garden City's recent food practice, it is argued that Howard's very thoroughly worked through food proposals remain fresh.

The survival and resurrection of a “Bakema-experiment” in an Amsterdam garden city

There is a hidden gem in the Amsterdam garden cities. Jaap Bakema was the founder of an experiment in the 1950s. A piece of “Rotterdam in Amsterdam.” Based on the philosophy of an open society and the human scale. Forty years after completion, there is a call for renewal. The architect’s heritage ends up on the demolition list. Due to the economic crisis, demolition has been postponed and there was time for reflection. The neighborhood seems to survive the test of time. The careful renewal proves to be a great success. This is a story about the resurrection of a Bakema experiment.

Study on Planning and Design Forest-themed High-quality Service Area

In order to speed up the construction of green transportation system and promote the development of tourism services and service areas, this study takes the Yongning service area of Huaguan highway in Guangzhou as an example, on the basis of analysing the theory and technology of the construction of national forest cities, garden cities and green service areas, defines the concept, concept and goal of building high-quality service areas on forest theme; About 20 species of trees and shrub species suitable for the highway forest theme service area were selected, and the second study analysed the design techniques of the forest theme service area, the design techniques of the forest theme space planning and layout, the creation of the characteristic landscape of the buildings, the creation of the forest landscape of each green functional area, etc., to improve the quality, ecological function and tourism function of the service area.

"Modern" suburbs in lockdown: the INA CASA neighbourhood by Filippo Rovigo in Messina

<p>The recent CoViD-19 emergency, a dramatic issue for our health, and the vexata quaestio of the existing buildings recovery, especially of the neighborhood, are the ends of an Ariadne's thread that must help us find an exit from the two huge problems. These issues, coupled by the isolation constrain, can be converted in a great opportunity by using targeted choices, supported by sustainability criteria that are now unavoidable.</p><p>In the present paper, a specific suburban area- former Fondo Basile by architect Filippo Rovigo, on the northern edge of Messina was selected. For this area - following the original indications formulated by the emerging "neorealist" culture for garden cities – we intend: to redefine barrier-free paths; to add green and blue infrastructures; to evaluate incidences on energy performance; to redesign interior spaces to accept the need for sterilization and “flexible” furnishings; to experiment with functionalized surfaces (self-cleaning, antibacterial, heat-insulating); to introduce ad hoc home automation.</p><p>Therefore, it is necessary to start from a very serious accident on which we stumbled exploiting this experience in order to look at the virus as an opportunity for a general rebirth of the neighbourhood. This latter can be based on new or experimental concepts in order to allow a sustainable restoration of the Modern Architecture, addressed to the second post-war period heritage, not guaranteed by the constrained regime provided for by the Cultural Heritage Code. This possibility is back in the fore thanks to a more recent strategic direction for the protection of "new landscapes" promoted by the Regional Department for Sicilian culture and identity.</p>