A P-61 Black Widow Inspired Palladium Biladiene Complex for Efficient Sensitization of Singlet Oxygen Using Visible Light

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment option that ablates cancerous cells and tumors via photoinduced sensitization of singlet oxygen. Over the last few decades, much work has been devoted to the development of new photochemotherapeutic agents for PDT. A wide variety of macrocyclic tetrapyrrole based photosensitizers have been designed, synthesized and characterized as PDT agents. Many of these complexes have a variety of issues that pose a barrier to their use in humans, including biocompatibility, inherent toxicity, and synthetic hurdles. We have developed a non-traditional, non-cyclic, and non-aromatic tetrapyrrole ligand scaffold, called the biladiene (DMBil1), as an alternative to these traditional photosensitizer complexes. Upon insertion of a heavy atom such as Pd2+ center, Pd[DMBil1] generates singlet oxygen in substantial yields (ΦΔ = 0.54, λexc = 500 nm) when irradiated with visible light. To extend the absorption profile for Pd[DMBil1] deeper into the phototherapeutic window, the tetrapyrrole was conjugated with alkynyl phenyl groups at the 2- and 18-positions (Pd[DMBil2-PE]) resulting in a significant redshift while also increasing singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.59, 600 nm). To further modify the dialkynyl-biladiene scaffold, we conjugated a 1,8-diethynylanthracene with to the Pd[DMBil1] tetrapyrrole in order to further extend the compound’s π-conjugation in a cyclic loop that spans the entire tetrapyrrole unit. This new compound (Pd[DMBil2-P61]) is structurally reminiscent of the P61 Black Widow aircraft and absorbs light into the phototherapeutic window (600–900 nm). In addition to detailing the solid-state structure and steady-state spectroscopic properties for this new biladiene, photochemical sensitization studies demonstrated that Pd[DMBil2-P61] can sensitize the formation of 1O2 with quantum yields of ΦΔ = 0.84 upon irradiation with light λ = 600 nm. These results distinguish the Pd[DMBil2-P61] platform as the most efficient biladiene-based singlet oxygen photosensitizer developed to date. When taken together, the improved absorption in the phototherapeutic window and high singlet oxygen sensitization efficiency of Pd[DMBil2-P61] mark this compound as a promising candidate for future study as an agent of photodynamic cancer therapy.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIO-INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS IN NEURAL NETWORK BASED DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION

It always helps to determine optimal solutions for stochastic problems thereby maintaining good balance between its key elements. Nature inspired algorithms are meta-heuristics that mimic the natural activities for solving optimization issues in the era of computation. In the past decades, several research works have been presented for optimization especially in the field of data mining. This paper addresses the implementation of bio-inspired optimization techniques for machine learning based data mining classification by four different optimization algorithms. The stochastic problems are overcome by training the neural network model with techniques such as barnacles mating , black widow optimization, cuckoo algorithm and elephant herd optimization. The experiments are performed on five different datasets, and the outcomes are compared with existing methods with respect to runtime, mean square error and classification rate. From the experimental analysis, the proposed bio-inspired optimization algorithms are found to be effective for classification with neural network training.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIO-INSPIRED OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS IN NEURAL NETWORK BASED DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION

It always helps to determine optimal solutions for stochastic problems thereby maintaining good balance between its key elements. Nature inspired algorithms are meta-heuristics that mimic the natural activities for solving optimization issues in the era of computation. In the past decades, several research works have been presented for optimization especially in the field of data mining. This paper addresses the implementation of bio-inspired optimization techniques for machine learning based data mining classification by four different optimization algorithms. The stochastic problems are overcome by training the neural network model with techniques such as barnacles mating , black widow optimization, cuckoo algorithm and elephant herd optimization. The experiments are performed on five different datasets, and the outcomes are compared with existing methods with respect to runtime, mean square error and classification rate. From the experimental analysis, the proposed bio-inspired optimization algorithms are found to be effective for classification with neural network training.

Optimization of synchronized frequency and voltage control for a distributed generation system using the Black Widow Optimization algorithm

A distributed generation network could be a hybrid power system that includes wind–diesel power generation based on induction generators (IGs) and synchronous generators (SGs). The main advantage of these systems is the possibility of using renewable energy in their structures. The most important challenge is to design the voltage-control loop with the frequency-control loop to obtain optimal responses for voltage and frequency deviations. In this work, the voltage-control loop is designed by an automatic voltage regulator. A linear model of the hybrid system has also been developed with coordinated voltage and frequency control. Dynamic frequency response and voltage deviations are compared for different load disturbances and different reactive loads. The gains of the SG and the static volt-ampere reactive compensator (SVC) controllers in the IG terminal are calculated using the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm to insure low frequency and voltage deviations. The BWO optimization algorithm is one of the newest and most powerful optimization methods to have been introduced so far. The results showed that the BWO algorithm has a good speed in solving the proposed objective function. A 22% improvement in time adjustment was observed in the use of an optimal SVC. Also, an 18% improvement was observed in the transitory values.

Blurring the Boundaries between Real Worlds, Discourse Worlds and Text Worlds

Blurring the Boundaries between Real Worlds, Discourse Worlds and Text WorldsWhat do the article title ‘Black Widow Breaks Up With Kylo Ren’ and a Twitter message saying ‘The scene in The Departed where Mark Wahlberg shoots Matt Damon is the blueprint for how to handle corrupt cops’ have in common? Clearly, they both combine references to actors and movies, but do they combine them through the same cognitive technique(s)? This paper starts by addressing the question of how these two instances of reference differ. The line of argumentation that is supported suggests that a world-building theory needs to be employed in order to understand the difference. In doing this, the paper aims and contributes to the theoretical advancement of world-building approaches by arguing for the introduction of the concept of ‘Real Worlds’ in research on Text Worlds and Discourse Worlds. Data set sample analyses employing the Real World concept are included to verify the main theoretical premise. The analyzed texts cover traditional genres such as political speeches as well as modern-day, boundary-blurring genres such as Twitter messages. Zacieranie granic między światem rzeczywistym, światem dyskursu i światem tekstu Co mają wspólnego artykuł zatytułowany Czarna wdowa zrywa z Kylo Renem i wiadomość na Twitterze o treści „Scena w The Departed, w której Mark Wahlberg strzela do Matta Damona, jest schematem postępowania ze skorumpowanymi gliniarzami”? Oczywiście oba łączą odniesienia do aktorów i filmów, ale czy łączą je za pomocą tych samych technik poznawczych? Artykuł rozpoczyna się od odpowiedzi na pytanie, czym różnią się te dwa przypadki odniesienia. Wynikiem zaprezentowanej argumentacji jest sugestia, aby w celu zrozumienia różnicy między nimi wyjść od teorii tworzenia światów. Opowiedzenie się za wykorzystaniem koncepcji „świata rzeczywistego” w badaniach nad światem tekstu i światem dyskursu ma na celu rozwój i wzmocnienie teorii tworzenia światów. W weryfikacji podstawowej przesłanki teoretycznej w artykule uwzględniono wyniki analizy próbek ze zbioru danych, w których wykorzystano koncepcję „świata rzeczywistego”. Analizie poddano zarówno teksty reprezentujące tradycyjne gatunki, takie jak przemówienia polityczne, jak również teksty, w których dochodzi do zacierania granic międzygatunkowych, na przykład wiadomości w serwisie społecznościowym Twitter.

A hybrid sentiment analysis approach using black widow optimization based feature selection

With the massive development of Internet technologies and e-commerce technology, people rely on the product reviews provided by users through web. Sentiment analysis of online reviews has become a mainstream way for businesses on e-commerce platforms to satisfy the customers. This paper proposes a novel hybrid framework with Black Widow Optimization (BWO) based feature reduction technique which combines the merits of both machine learning and lexicon-based approaches to attain better scalability and accuracy. The scalability problem arises due to noisy, irrelevant and unique features present in the extracted features from proposed approach, which can be eliminated by adopting an effective feature reduction technique. In our proposed BWO approach, without changing the accuracy (90%), the feature-set size is reduced up to 43%. The proposed feature selection technique outperforms other commonly used Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based feature selection techniques with reduced computation time of 21 sec. Moreover, our sentiment analysis approach is analyzed using performance metrics such as precision, recall, F-measure, and computation time. Many organizations can use these online reviews to make well-informed decisions towards the users’ interests and preferences to enhance customer satisfaction, product quality and to find the aspects to improve the products, thereby to generate more profits.

Unusual Emission Variations Near the Eclipse of Black Widow Pulsar PSR J1720−0533

We report on an unusually bright observation of PSR J1720−0533 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The pulsar is in a black widow system that was discovered by the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS). By coincidence, a bright scintillation maximum was simultaneous with the eclipse in our observation, which allowed for precise measurements of flux density variations, as well as dispersion measure (DM) and polarization. We found that there are quasi-periodic pulse emission variations with a modulation period of ∼22 s during the ingress of the eclipse, which could be caused by plasma lensing. No such periodic modulation was found during the egress of the eclipse. The linear polarization of the pulsar disappears before the eclipse, even before there is a visually obvious change in DM. We also found that the pulse scattering may play an important role in the eclipse of PSR J1720−0533.