The Learning Path to Neural Network Industrial Application in Distributed Environments

Industrial companies focus on efficiency and cost reduction, which is very closely related to production process safety and secured environments enabling production with reduced risks and minimized cost on machines maintenance. Legacy systems are being replaced with new systems built into distributed production environments and equipped with machine learning algorithms that help to make this change more effective and efficient. A distributed control system consists of several subsystems distributed across areas and sites requiring application interfaces built across a control network. Data acquisition and data processing are challenging processes. This contribution aims to present an approach for the data collection based on features standardized in industry and for data classification processed with an applied machine learning algorithm for distinguishing exceptions in a dataset. Files with classified exceptions can be used to train prediction models to make forecasts in a large amount of data.

Distributed production under the pandemic shock: Vulnerability, resilience and the new stage of globalization

The paper draws attention to a new wave of public and academic debate on the future of globalization and on rationality of countries’ further participation in distributed production, i.e., their involvement in global value chains (GVCs) and value-added trade. Raised during the COVID-19 pandemic shock, this debate is the reaction of countries to the global diffusion of downfalls through transborder supplies. We analyze vulnerabilities of GVCs to sudden shocks, demonstrate the role of these risks in escalating the 2020 global recession and in shaping its unique features, as well as scrutinize the emerging post-pandemic strategies of leading MNEs for enhancing the GVC resilience. We argue that despite the collapse of the just-in-time supply system and the crucial dependency of many domestic industries on imports from China, the pandemic shock could neither undermine foundations of distributed production nor lead to mass reshoring. On the contrary, both analyzed practice and surveyed econometric literature confirm that benefits of countries’ participation in GVCs outweigh risks of their falling under potential rippling disruptions. Moreover, MNEs’ resilience strategies, which we classified into three interrelated lines of action (restructuring of GVCs’ supplier networks, production optimization, and GVCs’ digital transformation), give globalization a new impetus. We conclude with describing the changing features of distributed production under the ongoing GVCs’ restructuring and outline a number of promising export opportunities that objectively open up in the 2020s for developing economies, including Russia. In the course of our study, we examine key properties of resilient systems (robustness, flexibility, redundancy), some new notions (disruption risks, ripple effect, etc.), and new management approaches relevant for all types of economies and businesses under increased uncertainty.

Review on Power Distribution Techniques in System Comprising of BESS

With regard to electrical energy sector, budgetary factors, power must be utilized as soon as possible once it is generated. Since storing large amounts of electrical energy is prohibitively expensive. Consequently, as energy storage substance have become mostly accessible, evenly distributed production is becoming more workable, especially with the Smart Grid concept. Distributed ESS (Energy Storage Systems) are gaining popularity. There is a diverse category of ESS namely, battery, thermal, mechanical, hydrogen and so on. But this paper investigates about the techniques used in Battery energy systems by several researchers to stabilize energy output and usage, these systems supplement variable renewable sources such as wind, tidal, and solar power.

Economic Model and Risk Analysis of Energy Investments Based on Cogeneration Systems and Renewable Energy Sources

Today, distributed energy production is a key activity supporting energy systems in many countries around the world. Applicable regulations, fees and subsidies encourage entrepreneurs to look for solutions that will reduce operating costs and limit their negative impact on the natural environment. In the article, it was decided to carry out a technical and economic analysis and investment risk analysis for the distributed production of electricity and heat based on natural gas. Six scenarios were taken into account, depending on the number of gas engines, the use of the photovoltaic installation and the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. It has been shown that the most advantageous of the presented solution is the use of a system adjusted to the power of an industrial plant (return on investment in 4th year). The least beneficial for the investor are solutions aimed at the use and resale of energy supplemented with photovoltaic panels and an ORC system. An investment risk analysis and a sensitivity analysis were also performed. It shows how changes in electricity and gas prices and the environmental fee affect the profitability of investments. It has been shown that solutions with variable power are characterised by the lowest investment risk. The summary indicates the possible activities leading to greater economic efficiency. Such actions will be forced in the future by the market, political and environmental situation. Analyses such as these will allow entrepreneurs to thoroughly prepare for the European Union energy modernization process.

Modeling the impact of threats and vulnerabilities in transport logistics of a developing enterprise

A scientific and appliedproblem of modeling the impact of threats and vulnerabilities in the logistics of transportation of goods of a distributed production system was posed and solved. The relevance of the research topic is associated with the identification of significant threats and the emergence of vulnerabilities, which can lead to deterioration in the main indicators of a developing enterprise. The research solves of the task of increasing of logistic processes effectiveness of goods transportation in a distributed manufacturing system in emerging threats and manifestation of vulnerability conditions. A set of possible threats is analyzed and formed, which influence goods transportation in a heterogeneous transport system of distributed manufacture. A virtual experiment method is proposed for using the experts' opinions regarding the identification of threat factors using a developed multifactorial and multi-response experimental plan, where lines represent the factors and a combination of threat factors, and the columns are associated with possible threats. A manifestation of vulnerabilities risks and emerging threats is used as responses. A regressive dependence to identify the most important threat factors is formed.The cost indicators are used for solving optimization problems, which connected with vulnerability removal, the time of events to vulnerabilities neutralization and risks of threat emergence. The cost minimization associated with the removal (neutralization) of vulnerabilities that may appear when threats emerge. The agent model for simulation and event modeling of a logistic of transportation in a distributed manufacture in conditions of threat factors and vulnerability emergence is proposed. Agent-based modeling allows you to determine the time of goods movement without vulnerability emergence and time of goods movement with vulnerability emergence using possible risk generator. Mathematical methods used systems analysis, the theory of experiments planning, integer (Boolean) programming, agent-based and event modeling.

U.S. Potential of Sustainable Backyard Distributed Animal and Plant Protein Production during and after Pandemics

To safeguard against meat supply shortages during pandemics or other catastrophes, this study analyzed the potential to provide the average household’s entire protein consumption using either soybean production or distributed meat production at the household level in the U.S. with: (1) pasture-fed rabbits, (2) pellet and hay-fed rabbits, or (3) pellet-fed chickens. Only using the average backyard resources, soybean cultivation can provide 80–160% of household protein and 0–50% of a household’s protein needs can be provided by pasture-fed rabbits using only the yard grass as feed. If external supplementation of feed is available, raising 52 chickens while also harvesting the concomitant eggs or alternately 107 grain-fed rabbits can meet 100% of an average household’s protein requirements. These results show that resilience to future pandemics and challenges associated with growing meat demands can be incrementally addressed through backyard distributed protein production. Backyard production of chicken meat, eggs, and rabbit meat reduces the environmental costs of protein due to savings in production, transportation, and refrigeration of meat products and even more so with soybeans. Generally, distributed production of protein was found to be economically competitive with centralized production of meat if distributed labor costs were ignored.

U.S. Potential of Sustainable Backyard Distributed Animal and Plant Protein Production During & After Pandemics

To safeguard against meat supply shortages during pandemics or other catastrophes, this study analyzed the potential to provide the average household’s entire protein consumption using either soybean production or distributed meat production at the household level in the U.S. with: 1) pasture-fed rabbits, 2) pellet and hay-fed rabbits, or 3) pellet-fed chickens. Only using the average backyard resources, soybean cultivation can provide 80%-160% of household protein and 0%-50% of a household’s protein needs can be provided by pasture-fed rabbits using only the yard grass as feed. If external supplementation of feed is available, raising 52 chickens while also harvesting the concomitant eggs or alternately 107 grain-fed rabbits can meet 100% of an average household’s protein requirements. These results show that resilience to future pandemics and challenges associated with growing meat demands can be incrementally addressed through backyard distributed protein production. Backyard production of chicken meat, eggs, and rabbit meat reduces environmental costs of protein due to savings in production, transportation, and refrigeration of meat products and even more so with soybeans. Generally, distributed production of protein was found to be economically competitive with centralized production of meat if distributed labor costs were ignored.

Multiagent modeling of production logistics in the creation of high-tech products

Economic instability and stochastic behavior of the market lead to the need to develop new methods and models to reduce the life cycle of high-tech products. Therefore, the urgent task is a detailed consideration and analysis of each main stage of the life cycle of creating complex technical products. The current study develops a method for optimizing production processes. The subject of research is a production planning and management as the main stage of the life cycle. The method proposed in the publication is based on the component architecture of the created innovative high-tech product, which is obtained because of decomposition at the initial stage of design. Modern production is of distributed nature. While planning production, it is necessary to pay attention to the management and synchronization of material and other types of flows in the logistics chain of distributed production. To form a set of basic and subsidiary operations of distributed production, it is necessary to consider the logistical features, the level of decomposition of the component architecture of the created product, as well as the type of component in the production cycle. Logistics operations are conducted following the requirements for the relevant indicators, namely, the cost of the operation, quality, competitiveness, innovation, the risk of the operation. The main criterion for optimization is the duration of operations. The work uses multi-agent simulation modeling of a sequential logistics chain of production processes, as well as mathematical models and methods: system analysis, optimization using integer programming, multi-criteria optimization, and expert evaluations. The method reduces the duration of the production cycle for the manufacture of individual components of the complex architecture of high-tech products by determining the optimal set of production and ancillary logistics operations for each component, considering the requirements for key production indicators, which minimize production time of high-tech products.