Keadilan Sosial Feminis: Interupsi terhadap Universalisme, Abstraksi dan Imparsialitas

This paper is a theoretical study of the concept of justice from philosophical theories which tend to exclude feminist perspectives. Since the era of Ancient Greek philosophy, the question of justice has been a core concern of social theory. Justice is a concept at the core of moral and political theory. Furthermore, the understanding of justice is very important because it determines how political, social, and economic practices occur in a society. Accordingly, the discussion of justice must start with concrete problems of injustice. But ironically, injustices due to gender discrimination tend to be omitted from the analyses of mainstream justice theories, even though in a society, sex and gender categories intertwine with one’s status, power, opportunity, and position in their society. This paper emphasizes the principles of interactive universalism to ensure justice is inseparable from the ethics of care. This paper finds that the feminist social justice approach is a proper approach to respond to the current situation.

Parmenides and the problem of knowing

This article is based on same-named course work and appears as first part of upcoming research of Ancient Greek Philosophy. The research aim to be a reactivator of social ideas by the way of adopt antique mode of thinking. New method of working at material, trying to represent well-known text in an unusual perspective shows an urgency of this article. Metaphysical poem of Parmenides is taken as a material, so the author prevalently uses a text from the poem and looks at the structure, keywords such as The Truth, necessity, The Fate and Alethea, and a use of them. In the article a correlation between The Truth and necessity, Alethea and The Truth in Parmenides philosophy is explained for the first time. The author pays great attention to Parmenides, so the research has a primary focus on understanding the poem as a Parmenides’ creature. The article has a short biographical background of Parmenides. In this article, the author tries to motivate readers to reflect on it instead of obtruding any defined answers

Rediscovering Use Value

This chapter rediscovers use value as an essential category for understanding commodification and capitalism more generally. The distinction between use value and exchange value goes back to ancient Greek philosophy and it played an important role in classical political economy. However, with the invention of marginal utility in the late nineteenth century, use value moved from the center to the fringes of economic thinking. Even where it survived, such as in Marxist scholarship, there was considerable disagreement about the role of use value in a critical political economy. The chapter, furthermore, explores the value of nature and by doing so unveils the shortcomings of the concept of marginal utility. One problem is that marginal utility denies the existence of collective value. Following Polanyi, the chapter argues that products not only have individual value, but also have a social and ecological utility. And social and ecological utility can differ considerably from individual valuation.

On Preconditions for Ibn Khaldun’s Philosophy of History

This article is devoted to the study of the preconditions for Ibn Khaldun’s philosophy of history. It is argued that his theory of history was both a result of his own intellectual development and previous theories. The author states that Ibn Khaldun was influenced by ancient thought, political culture of Western Asia and Islamic intellectual tradition. The first was Ancient Greek philosophy and medicine that he inherited from the great physicians and philosophers like Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen. The second was cultural and political legacy of Sassanid Persia. The third prerequisite for formation of Ibn Khaldun’s theory of history was the adoption of the achievements of his predecessors, Islamic scientists, theologians and philosophers who had contributed to the rational critique of history.

Spojrzenie z bliska. Koncepcja kosmosu i ciał niebieskich jako świata oswojonego kulturowo

A View From Up Close: The Concept of the Cosmos and Celestial Bodies as Culturally Tamed WorldThe concept of the cosmos, shaped in ancient Greek philosophy, has a different meaning today. This change of meaning reflects rejection of the idea of the cosmos as order established by the gods. The author of the article, as a cultural anthropologist and amateur astronomer, describes this problem by analyzing selected examples of the concepts of the cosmos and of celestial bodies, such as Venus and Sirius. These concepts are examples of alternative knowledge that was an important component of cultural systems. Also touched upon in the article are issues of epistemology and philosophy of science. Spojrzenie z bliska. Koncepcja kosmosu i ciał niebieskich jako świata oswojonego kulturowoPojęcie kosmosu ukształtowane w starożytnej filozofii greckiej ma współcześnie odmienną treść, co odzwierciedla porzucenie idei kosmosu jako ustanowionego przez bogów porządku. Autor artykułu, jako antropolog kulturowy i adept astronomii, opisuje ten problem, analizując wybrane koncepcje kosmosu oraz takich ciał niebieskich, jak Wenus czy Syriusz. Koncepcje te to przykłady alternatywnej wiedzy, która była ważnym składnikiem systemów kulturowych. Na drugim planie podjętych w tym artykule rozważań brane są pod uwagę kwestie dotyczące epistemologii i filozofii nauki.

Sustainable Hedonism

Drawing on modern science and ancient Greek philosophy, this book calls to explore our collective and personal convictions about success and good life. It challenges the mainstream worldview, rooted in economics, that equates happiness with pleasure, and encourages greed, materialism, egoism and disconnection.

Feminism in Ancient Philosophy

This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with ancient Greek philosophy. It starts with an overview of the history of feminist engagements with Greek philosophers. The chapter then explores the role of women in the Pythagorean tradition, Plato’s complex treatment of women in the dialogues, Aristotle’s view of the feminine, and the role of women in later Greek philosophical traditions and ends with suggestions about the grounds for further research. Throughout the chapter, there are reflections on examples of important contributions to this scholarship. The chapter also contains discussion of the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the field. It posits that ancient philosophy offers a resource for understanding the place of women in philosophy and gender discrimination in philosophy and in society.

Socrates and Lao Tzu: philosophy and “Sophiphilia”

This article discusses the problem of the lost meaning of the philosophy, which emerged as a result of its “technematization” in modern world. The question of “What is philosophy?” is being raised again. The author refers to the two key representatives of philosophical thought of the ancient West and East: Socrates and Lao Tzu, using the comparative approach and considering the category of Tao in the contrast to the main categories of ancient Greek philosophy: being, truth, logos, and action. Reconstruction of the teachings of Socrates and Lao Tzu contributes to the disclosure of philosophy through the four crucial aspects: ontological, gnoseological, anthropological, and ethical. The explanation of these aspects or dimensions of the philosophy gives the key to its initial meaning. The author concludes on the borderline and specificity between “wisdom” and “discretion”, where the latter is the primary foundation of the existence of philosophy. The philosophy itself is viewed as a being and process of cognition, directed not only to the outwards, which is characteristic to the Western European tradition overall, but also to within, which is typical to the Eastern thought. The disclosure of the structure of philosophy indicated the need for coming back to its basic meaning through the ethical dominant, which was initially embedded in the concepts of “wisdom” and “love”. The author introduces a peculiar term of “Sophiphilia”, which corresponds to the level of “discretion” as a pre-philosophical field of existence.