Holomorphology and neotype designation of Microperla retroloba (Wu, 1937)

Microperla retroloba (Wu, 1937) is a poorly described species from Gansu Province of China and the types of which were apparently lost. Herein, a neotype of M. retroloba is designated based on new material from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region adjacent to Gansu Province. Male, female, larva and egg morphology of M. retroloba are described, illustrated and compared with all congeners.

Two new species of Caligonellidae (Acari: Raphignathoidea) from Crimea

Female and larva of Caligonella quinqueocellata n. sp. and female, larva and protonymph of Molothrognathus tauricus n. sp. (Caligonellidae) are described from moss on the sandy soil from northern part of Crimea.

Holomorphology and Neotype designation of Microperla geei Chu, with egg morphology of Microperla qinlinga Chen (Plecoptera: Peltoperlidae)

A Neotype is designated for Microperla geei Chu, 1928. This species was recently collected from Tianmu Mountain, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province of southeastern China. The male, female, larva, and egg of M. geei are described and illustrated. Identity of the Microperla species described by Stark & Sivec (2000) is discussed. Egg morphology of M. qinlinga Chen, 2019 is also described and compared with congeners.

Holomorphology of Kamimuria peppapiggia sp. n. (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the foothills of Taihang Mountains, Henan Province of China

A new species of the species rich Asian perlid genus Kamimuria Klapálek, K. peppapiggia sp. n. from Henan Province of northwestern China, is described based on the male, female, larva, and egg. Relationship with congeners are discussed based on morphological characters. The new species is a possible remnant of the once diverse lowland aquatic fauna of the North China Plain.

Regulation of Hormone-Related Genes in Ericerus pela (Hemiptera: Coccidae) for Dimorphic Metamorphosis

Insect hormones regulate metamorphosis including that leading to sexual dimorphism. Using RNA-Seq, we discovered that the second-instar male larva (SM) of the white wax insect, Ericerus pela, have 5,968 and 8,620 differentially expressed transcripts compared with the second-instar female larva (SF) and the first-instar male larva (FM), respectively. The expression levels of genes involved in the apoptosis of old tissues and the reconstruction of new ones in the SM significantly enhanced, while the SF mainly has enhanced expression levels of anabolic genes such as chitin. We predicted that the second-instar larvae are the developmental origin of sexual dimorphic metamorphosis. Meanwhile, in the juvenile hormone (JH) metabolic pathway, CYP15A1 and JH esterase (JHE) are differentially expressed; and in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) metabolic pathway, CYP307A1, CYP314A1, and CYP18A1 are differentially expressed. In the SM, the expression levels of CYP307A1 and CYP314A1 are significantly increased, whereas the expression level of CYP18A1 is significantly decreased; in the SF, the expression levels of the above genes are opposite to that of the SM. Expression trends of RNA-seq is consistent with the expression level of qRT–PCR, and seven of them are highly correlated (R ≥ 0.610) and four are moderately correlated (0.588 ≥ R ≥ 0.542).

Description of adults and immature stages of Antipodoecia Mosely from Australia and synonymy of the families Antipodoeciidae and Anomalopsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera)

The female, larva, and pupa of Antipodoecia Mosely from Australia are described, males re-examined and briefly described. Similarities with other trichopteran families are discussed. Based on morphological synapomorphies of males, females, pupae, and larvae, we infer that the genera Antipodoecia, Anomalopsyche, and Contulma share an immediate common ancestor, although relationships among these genera remain unresolved. Consequently, the Neotropical family Anomalopsychidae is a junior synonym of Antipodoeciidae from Australia.

Stigmella multispicata Rociene. & Stonis, an Asian leafminer on Siberian elm, now widespread in eastern North America (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae)

StigmellamultispicataRocienė & Stonis, 2014, previously known from the single male holotype from Primorye, Russia, is reported as a new invasive species mining leaves of Siberian elm,UlmuspumilaL., in eastern North America. Both adults and leafmines have been reported from many sites as unidentified Nepticulidae since 2010. Crucial for the identification was a match of the DNA barcode of a single larva collected onUlmuspumilain Beijing with adults from North America. The single larva constitutes a new record for China.Stigmellamultispicatais closely related to the EuropeanS.ulmivora(Fologne, 1860), feeding likewise onUlmus, but differs in details of external morphology and genitalia, particularly in the female, whereS.multispicatahas a remarkable elongated narrow ovipositor, suitable for oviposition in underside hairy leaf vein axils, where all mines start. In North AmericaS.multispicatais the onlyUlmus-feeding nepticulid with green larvae. Currently the species is known from USA: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Wisconsin, and Canada: Ontario and Québec. In Sagaponack, on Long Island, New York, larvae have been reported to occur en masse on Siberian elms from at least two sites. The current distribution could be reconstructed thanks also to many online photographs from observation websites. The species is redescribed, with the first descriptions of female, larva, and leafmine, and compared withS.ulmivora, which is fully redescribed. The two native North American nepticulidUlmusleafminers,S.apicialbella(Chambers, 1873) andEctoedemiaulmella(Braun, 1912), are diagnosed and new provincial and state records are provided. A key to linear mines onUlmusin North America is provided. We suspect that trade of live plants through nurseries played a role in the sudden spread of this invasive species.

Podonomus amarali n. sp., a new species of the albinervis group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Podonominae) from Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil

Podonomus amarali sp. n. is described from male, female, larva and pupa collected in the Brazilian Atlantic Highlands. The new species belongs to the albinervis group, which comprises eight Andean species.

A new species and a new record of raphignathoid mites (Acari: Raphignathoidea: Camerobiidae, Stigmaeidae) occurring in the galleries of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Russia

Female, larva and protonymph of a new species, Neophyllobius abiegnus sp. nov., collected in the galleries of Pityophthorus micrographus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in European Russia are described. Protonymph of Neophyllobius sp. is recorded from Crimea in the galleries of Pityogenes bistridentatus (Eichhoff). Stigmaeus mitrofanovi Khaustov, 2014 is recorded from Western Siberia in the galleries of bark beetles Polygraphus proximus Blandford and Polygraphus subopacus Thomson for the first time from Asia.

UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE Shevtchenkella (ACARI, PROSTIGMATA, ERIOPHYIDAE) DE ARGENTINA

Shevtchenkella marceloi Flechtmann, n.sp. is described and figured from female, larva and nymph specimens, from Tessaria dodonaeifolia (Hook. y Arn.) Cabrera from Jujuy, Argentina. Remarks on Shevtchenkella species from South America are presented.