Chemically driven energetic molecular ferroelectrics

Chemically driven thermal wave triggers high energy release rate in covalently-bonded molecular energetic materials. Molecular ferroelectrics bridge thermal wave and electrical energy by pyroelectric associated with heating frequency, thermal mass and heat transfer. Herein we design energetic molecular ferroelectrics consisting of imidazolium cations (energetic ion) and perchlorate anions (oxidizer), and describe its thermal wave energy conversion with a specific power of 1.8 kW kg−1. Such a molecular ferroelectric crystal shows an estimated detonation velocity of 7.20 ± 0.27 km s−1 comparable to trinitrotoluene and hexanitrostilbene. A polarization-dependent heat transfer and specific power suggests the role of electron-phonon interaction in tuning energy density of energetic molecular ferroelectrics. These findings represent a class of molecular ferroelectric energetic compounds for emerging energy applications demanding high power density.

Temperature-Modulated Pyroelectricity Measurements of a Thin Ferroelectric Crystal with In-Plane Polarization and the Thermal Analysis Based on One-Dimensional Layer Models

A temperature-modulated pyroelectricity measurement system for a small single crystal is developed and applied to standard sample measurements performed on a thin single crystal of lithium niobate. The modulation measurement is based on the AC technique, in which the temperature of the sample is periodically oscillated, and the synchronized pyroelectric signal is extracted using a lock-in amplifier. Temperature modulation is applied by irradiating periodic light on the sample placed in the heat exchange gas. To apply this technique to the transparent reference sample, a commercially available black resin is coated on the sample’s surface to absorb the light energy and transmits it to the specimen. The experimental results are analyzed using a two-layer heat transfer model to verify the effect of the light-absorbing layer as well as the radiative temperature modulation system.

Temperature-Modulated Pyroelectricity Measurements of a Thin Ferroelectric Crystal With in-Plane Polarization and the Thermal Analysis Based on One-Dimensional Layer Models

A temperature-modulated pyroelectricity measurement system for a small single crystal is developed and applied to standard sample measurements performed on a thin single crystal of lithium niobate. The modulation measurement is based on the AC technique, in which the temperature of the sample is periodically oscillated, and the synchronized pyroelectric signal is extracted using a lock-in amplifier. Temperature modulation is applied by irradiating periodic light on the sample placed in the heat exchange gas. To apply this technique to the transparent reference sample, a commercially available black resin is coated on the sample’s surface to absorb the light energy and transmits it to the specimen. The experimental results are analyzed using a two-layer heat transfer model to verify the effect of the light-absorbing layer as well as the non-contact temperature modulation system.

Study of Ferroelectric Properties of Hydrogen Bonded Rubidium Dihydrogen Arsenate (RdA) Crystal

A simple pseudospin lattice coupled mode model with addition of third and fourth-order phonon anharmonic interactions terms, direct spin-spin interactions terms and external electric field term has been considered for investigation of transition phenomena and dielectric properties of hydrogen bonded ferroelectric crystal Rubidium dihydrogen arsenate (RDA). A double-time thermal dependent Green’s function method has been used for derivation of response function. From response function shift, width and soft mode frequency have been derived for RDA crystal. Response function is also related to dielectric constant which has been obtained in present paper. By fitting model values of different parameters in obtained expressions, the temperature variations of normal mode frequency, dielectric constant, and loss tangent have been calculated numerically for RDA crystal. Our theoretical results are compared with experimental results. It is observed that our theoretical results agree with experimental results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the modified pseudo-spin lattice coupled mode model with the simplest approximation is quite suitable to explain the transition and dielectric properties of RDA crystal.