Spatial Optimization of Photovoltaic-Based Hydrogen-Electricity Supply Chain through an Integrated Geographical Information System and Mathematical Modelling Approach

Hydrogen is a potential energy carrier for renewables that has a clean emission during the point of use. To implement hydrogen energy system in large-scale, a comprehensive hydrogen supply network should be built to supply the hydrogen with optimal infrastructure arrangement. Although the optimization of hydrogen supply chain has been extensively studied, the investigation of an integrated hydrogen-electricity supply chain is still lacking. Considering the interconvertibility of hydrogen and electricity, this study presents a spatial optimization framework that integrates geographical information system with mathematical modelling for the design and optimization of a photovoltaic-based hydrogen-electricity supply chain. The proposed framework allows the concurrent targeting of vehicle fuel and electricity demands as well as the identification of suitable locations for supply chain infrastructures. Case study results showed that the minimum cost of hydrogen-electricity supply chain is about 14.9 billion USD/y assuming two days of autonomy, and the cost of battery constitutes 43% of the total supply chain cost. When the days of autonomy is 8 and above, electricity storage in the form of hydrogen and reconversion through fuel cell is preferred.

Coordination strategy for a dual-channel electricity supply chain with sustainability

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>This paper describes the construction of a dual-channel electricity supply chain, with an electricity generation enterprise as the leader and an electricity retail enterprise as the follower, examining sustainability and price decision-making, and formulates a coordination contract to improve electricity supply chain performance. The main results are as follows. Firstly, sensitivity to electricity sustainability contributes to increased electricity sustainability, electricity price, electricity demand, and supply chain enterprises' profits. Secondly, a centralized model is conducive to investment in more sustainable energy production. Finally, electricity supply chain system coordination can be realized by combining revenue-sharing and cost-sharing in a fixed compensation contract.</p>

Energy Storage on a Distribution Network for Self-Consumption of Wind Energy and Market Value

Wind energy could be generated and captured with a storage device within the customer premises for local utilization and for the provision of various services across the electricity supply chain. To assess the benefits of adding a storage device to an electricity distribution network that has two wind turbines with a base load of 500 kW and a typical peak load under 1500 kW, a 2 MW/4 MWh storage is installed. To observe the effects of adding the storage device to the network, a technical analysis is performed using the NEPLAN 360 modelling tool while an economic analysis is carried out by estimating the likely payback period on investment. A storage potential benefit analysis suggests how changes in integration policies could affect the utility of adding the storage device. With the addition of the storage device, self-consumption of wind energy increased by almost 10%. The profitability of the project increased when the device is also deployed to provide stacked services across the electricity supply chain. Policies that permit the integration of devices into the grid could increase the profitability of storage projects.