Research perspective on energy-efficient protocols in IoT

Purpose Internet of Things (IoT) is an up-and-coming conception that intends to link multiple devices with each other. The aim of this study is to provide a significant analysis of Green IoT. The IoT devices sense, gather and send out significant data from their ambiance. This exchange of huge data among billions of devices demands enormous energy. Green IoT visualizes the concept of minimizing the energy consumption of IoT devices and keeping the environment safe. Design/methodology/approach This paper attempts to analyze diverse techniques associated with energy-efficient protocols in green IoT pertaining to machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Here, it reviews 73 research papers and states a significant analysis. Initially, the analysis focuses on different contributions related to green energy constraints, especially energy efficiency, and different hierarchical routing protocols. Moreover, the contributions of different optimization algorithms in different state-of-the-art works are also observed and reviewed. Later the performance measures computed in entire contributions along with the energy constraints are also checked to validate the effectiveness of entire contributions. As the number of contributions to energy-efficient protocols in IoT is low, the research gap will focus on the development of intelligent energy-efficient protocols to build up green IoT. Findings The analysis was mainly focused on the green energy constraints and the different robust protocols and also gives information on a few powerful optimization algorithms. The parameters considered by the previous research works for improving the performance were also analyzed in this paper to get an idea for future works. Finally, the paper gives some brief description of the research gaps and challenges for future consideration that helps during the development of an energy-efficient green IoT pertaining to M2M communication. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that reviews 65 research papers and states the significant analysis of green IoT.

Improved priority-based data aggregation congestion control protocol

With advancement in multimedia applications, Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming popular due to their inherent characteristics and wide range of applications. However, WSNs contain very small sensor nodes, these nodes are battery constrained. Also, the batteries of these sensor nodes are not either replaceable or rechargeable. Therefore, many energy efficient protocols have been implemented so far to improve the network lifetime. However, the data aggregation at sink may suffer from data flooding issue, which reduces the network lifetime of WSNs. For handling this issue, in this paper, an effective data aggregation approach is designed. We have designed a priority-based data aggregation control protocol, which considers token bucket, Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) compression and a hybrid of ant colony optimization and particle swarm optimization-based soft computing approach. Extensive experiments reveal that the presented protocol provides better network lifetime in contrast to the existing energy efficient protocols.