Gravitational SL(2, ℝ) algebra on the light cone

In a region with a boundary, the gravitational phase space consists of radiative modes in the interior and edge modes at the boundary. Such edge modes are necessary to explain how the region couples to its environment. In this paper, we characterise the edge modes and radiative modes on a null surface for the tetradic Palatini-Holst action. Our starting point is the definition of the action and its boundary terms. We choose the least restrictive boundary conditions possible. The fixed boundary data consists of the radiative modes alone (two degrees of freedom per point). All other boundary fields are dynamical. We introduce the covariant phase space and explain how the Holst term alters the boundary symmetries. To infer the Poisson brackets among Dirac observables, we define an auxiliary phase space, where the SL(2, ℝ) symmetries of the boundary fields are manifest. We identify the gauge generators and second-class constraints that remove the auxiliary variables. All gauge generators are at most quadratic in the fundamental SL(2, ℝ) variables on phase space. We compute the Dirac bracket and identify the Dirac observables on the light cone. Finally, we discuss various truncations to quantise the system in an effective way.

Thoughts on Transference Analysis in Transference-Focused Psychotherapy

Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) represents a specific extension of psychoanalytic therapy for treatment of individuals with personality disorders, who may be helped without the more significant time investment required of a standard psychoanalysis. The treatment represents a contemporary formulation of psychoanalytic psychotherapy, updated in light of both empirical research and scientific developments in boundary fields close to the psychodynamic endeavor, particularly affective neuroscience and the psychology of couples and small groups. In TFP, the transference signifies the enactment in the here and now of a specific affective relationship between patient and therapist that reflects one aspect, defensive or impulsive, of a pathogenic dynamic unconscious conflict. This conflict needs to be analyzed, interpreted, and resolved. Various elements of transference analysis in TFP are discussed in this article.

Gravitational Constraints on a Lightlike Boundary

We analyse the boundary structure of general relativity in the coframe formalism in the case of a lightlike boundary, i.e. when the restriction of the induced Lorentzian metric to the boundary is degenerate. We describe the associated reduced phase space in terms of constraints on the symplectic space of boundary fields. We explicitly compute the Poisson brackets of the constraints and identify the first- and second-class ones. In particular, in the 3+1-dimensional case, we show that the reduced phase space has two local degrees of freedom, instead of the usual four in the non-degenerate case.

Bootstrapping boundary-localized interactions

We study conformal boundary conditions for the theory of a single real scalar to investigate whether the known Dirichlet and Neumann conditions are the only possibilities. For this free bulk theory there are strong restrictions on the possible boundary dynamics. In particular, we find that the bulk-to-boundary operator expansion of the bulk field involves at most a ‘shadow pair’ of boundary fields, irrespective of the conformal boundary condition. We numerically analyze the four-point crossing equations for this shadow pair in the case of a three-dimensional boundary (so a four-dimensional scalar field) and find that large ranges of parameter space are excluded. However a ‘kink’ in the numerical bounds obeys all our consistency checks and might be an indication of a new conformal boundary condition.

Identifikasi Bidang Gelincir Zona Rawan Longsor Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Di Ruas Jalan Toraja – Mamasa

Abstrak. Metode geolistrik tahanan jenis merupakan salah satu dari metode geofisika yang dapat mendeteksi aliran listrik di bawah permukaan bumi. Salah satu aplikasi metode geolistrik tahanan jenis adalah dapat mengidentifikasi bidang gelincir pada daerah rawan longsor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bidang gelincir pada daerah rawan lonsor di ruas jalan Toraja – Mamasa. Hasil dari pengukuran geolistrik tahanan jenis dipadukan dengan hasil pengeboran di beberapa titik agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam proses interpretasi batuan yang diduga sebagai penyebab terjadinya tanah longsor. Informasi tentang perlapisan tanah tersebut digunakan untuk mengetahui batas-batas ketidakstabilan pada lapisan tanah yang dapat menjadi acuan dalam pengembangan wilayah, khususnya ruas jalan Toraja - Mamasa. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh nilai resistivitas yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap batuan. Variasi resistivitas yang diperoleh dimulai dari 0 – 978 Ωm. Nilai resistivitas batuan pada bidang gelincir di lokasi penelitian berada pada bidang batas 50-300 Ωm. Batuan penyusunnya berupa batupasir lempung, lava andesit dan basalt. Abstract The resistivity geoelectric method is one of the geophysical methods that can detect the flow of electricity below the earth's surface. One application of the resistivity geoelectric method is to identify the slip field in landslide prone areas. The research aimed to discover slip area of landslide prone zone at the segment road of Toraja-Mamasa. The results of the geoelectric resistivity measurements are combined with the results of drilling at several points so that there are no errors in the process of rock interpretation which are thought to be the cause of landslides. Information about the soil layers is used to determine the boundaries of instability in the soil layer which can be used as a reference in regional development, especially the Toraja - Mamasa road segment. In this research, it was obtained different resistivity values for each rock. The resistivity variation obtained started from 0 - 978 Ωm. The rock resistivity value in the slip plane at the research location is in the 50-300 Ωm boundary fields. The rocks lithologies are clay sandstones, andesite lava and basalt.

Anisotropic scaling of the two-dimensional Ising model II: surfaces and boundary fields

Based on the results published recently [SciPost Phys. 7, 026 (2019)], the influence of surfaces and boundary fields are calculated for the ferromagnetic anisotropic square lattice Ising model on finite lattices as well as in the finite-size scaling limit. Starting with the open cylinder, we independently apply boundary fields on both sides which can be either homogeneous or staggered, representing different combinations of boundary conditions. We confirm several predictions from scaling theory, conformal field theory and renormalisation group theory: we explicitly show that anisotropic couplings enter the scaling functions through a generalised aspect ratio, and demonstrate that open and staggered boundary conditions are asymptotically equal in the scaling regime. Furthermore, we examine the emergence of the surface tension due to one antiperiodic boundary in the system in the presence of symmetry breaking boundary fields, again for finite systems as well as in the scaling limit. Finally, we extend our results to the antiferromagnetic Ising model.

HARMONISASI MINYAK DAN AIR MELALUI EKSPERIMENTASI FOTOGRAFI

AbstrakPenciptaan karya fotografi yang dibuat adalah “Harmonisasi Minyak dan Air melalui Eksperimentasi Fotografi”. Penciptaan ini mempunyai tujuan yaitu: (1)menghadirkan corak baru dalam karya fotografi dengan harmonisasi efek bias cahaya pada campuran minyak dan air. Selain itu, (2) mengeksplorasi harmonisasi efek bias cahaya pada campuran minyak dan air dalam visual fotografi, sehingga menghasilkan warna dan bentuk yang dapat terwujud pada karya penciptaan fotografi yang estetis, khas, unik, indah, menarik dan imajinatif.Harmonisasi minyak dan air menghadirkan efek pembiasan cahaya pada campuran minyak dan air melalui eksperimentasi fotografi, efek pembiasan merupakan pembelokan cahaya ketika cahaya melewati bidang batas dua medium yang berbeda indeks biasnya. Minyak dan air merupakan zat yang sama yaitu zat cair tetapi berbeda molekul sehingga minyak dan air tidak bisa disatukan. Perbedaan yang tidak bisa disatukan menjadi hal yang menarik ketika divisualisasikan melalui media fotografi. Fotografi makro menjadi teknik yang dipakai untuk mendukung eksplorasi karya. Fotografi makro mengubah sudut pandang dalam perspektif minyak dan air, bagaimana objek yang terlihat kecil menjadi besar dan detail dalam teknik fotografi makro.Hasil dari peciptaan karya fotografi ini adalah secara detail menjadi pengetahuan tentang proses kreatif membuat sebuah karya fotografi seni. Selain matang secara konsep, dapat memiliki pengalaman seni tentang efek bias cahaya dan campuran minyak dan air. Ketertarikannya dengan pilihan objek harmonisasi minyak dan air yaitu dapat menghasilkan warna dan bentuk-bentuk yang tidak terduga dan menarik. Proses ini mampu menghasilkan proses kreatif yang mampu menghasilkan foto yang artistik sekaligus menjadi penalaman baru. Kata kunci: harmonisasi, minyak dan air, eksperimentasi, fotografi AbstractHarmonization of Oil and Water through Experimentation of Photography. The creation of photographic works was "the harmonization of oil and water through photographic experimentation". This creation has a purpose: (1) to bring a new pattern in photographic work by harmonizing the effect of light refraction on oil and water mixtures. In addition, (2) explore the harmonization of light refraction effects on the mixture of oil and water in visual photography, resulting in colors and shapes that can materialize on the creation by measure of aesthetically pleasing, distinctive, unique, beautiful, attractive and imaginative as photographic creations. The harmonization of oil and water provides the effect of light in the oil and water mixture through the experimentation of photography, the refractive effect of light when the light passes through the boundary fields of two different medium indices. Oil and water are the same substance that is liquid but different molecules so that oil and water cannot be put together. The difference cannot be put together to be interesting when visualized the photography media. Macro photography became a technique used to support the exploration of works. Macro photography Changes the viewpoint in the perspective of oil and water, how small-looking objects become large and detailed in a macro-photography technique. The result of this photographic creation is in detail a piece of the creative process of creating an art photography work. In addition to mature conceptually, it can have an art experience about the effects of light refraction and oil and water measly. Its interest with the choice of oil and water harmonization objects is that it can produce unpredictable colors and shapes. This process is able to produce a creative process that is able to produce artistic photos as well as a new overnight. Keywords: harmonization, oil and water, experimentation, photography