Understanding Older Adults Motivations and Preferences for a Medication Adherence App

As the percentage of older adults with hypertension continues to increase, medication adherence remains low. However, medication adherence can potentially be improved through the use of medication reminder apps. Medication reminder apps contain numerous features that enable older adults to remember to take their medication, such as providing alerts to take their medication, reminding them when to refill their prescription, and more. Despite being aware of these apps, many older adults lack the motivation needed to use them continuously. We recruited 9 participants (60 years or older) who currently take medication for a chronic condition. Using a mixed-methods approach, we gathered quantitative survey data using the TechSAge Demographic Background, Motivation, and Behavior Change Technique Questionnaires). Qualitative data were gathered through a semi-structured interview that asked questions about general motivations and preferences in addition to engaging participants in co-designing a medication adherence app. Results from the interview were analyzed through a thematic analysis that identified comprehension and preferences of older adults in medication reminder app usage. We tested five different intrinsic motivation factors, and results indicate older adults are most motivated intrinsically due to perceived choice, perceived competence, value/usefulness, effort/importance, and pressure/tension. We also tested five factors of extrinsic motivation, and results indicate older adults are most motivated extrinsically due to introjected regulation, reward-driven, external regulation, compliance, and identification. These data provide insights to guide the design of medication reminder apps to support older adults in the self-management of their chronic conditions.

How empathy-based sensitisation and knowledge reinforcement affect policy compliance: a case study of dolphin watching, Ecuador

Cetacean watching is an increasingly popular economic activity in Ecuador for tourism operators. Despite government regulations, cetacean watching can have a negative impact on observed animal populations. To enhance good dolphin-watching practices, a course was carried out in Puerto El Morro, Ecuador about sensitisation activities promoting empathy towards and knowledge about bottlenose dolphins, local avifauna and mangrove ecosystems. The course provided tourism operator staff with theoretical and practical knowledge on dolphin physiology and ecology, with a focus on empathy towards the species and on regulations to be respected during the watching tours. The course included interactive workshops, didactic materials, advice, video screening and structured conversations. Two innovative questionnaires were implemented on the boat during 68 dolphin-watching tours to evaluate whether the training course had improved the regulation compliance and on-tour guiding quality of the tour guides and boat drivers. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in dolphin-watching practices in compliance with the “Regulations for the Whale and Dolphin Watching of Ecuador” (p = .0002) and in guidance quality (p = .0004) after the training course. Boat drivers were identified as influential actors in compliance with regulations and should also be included in the environmental awareness training courses. The study showed that empathy-based sensitisation and knowledge reinforcement positively affect policy compliance and can generate new sustainable approaches for future dolphin-watching activities.

Ranking port state control detention remarks: professional Judgement and spatial overview

Introduction The merchant marine fleet is under inspection by several parties to ensure maritime regulation compliance. International Maritime Organization mainly regulates the industry, and the most effective defender is indeed Port StateControl run by the regional memorandum of understandings. Objective This article aims to analyze all detention remarks of Paris Memoranda of Understanding (MOU) from 2013 to 2019 for EU15 countries (except Luxemburg and Austria) to guide marine industry on detainable Port State Control remarks and country risk profile. Methods The data of the detained vessels taken from the public website of Paris MOU and each report considered as a professional judgment that causes detention. Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach has been utilized to indicate the ranking of basic maritime regulations from the perspective of the Port State Control, and Geographic Information System (GIS) helps us to demonstrate the regional dispersion amongst EU15. Results Through an approach based on Analytical Hierarchy Process and demonstrating the results on GIS has been shown that almost all the country’s top priorities for regulation are Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and Fire Safety Systems (FSS). Moreover, a comparative demonstration of the detention percentage of each regulation to AHP results demonstrates a better understanding of EU15 countries' detention profile. Conclusion The results of the study can assist Port State Officers, ship crew, ship owners, and managers in presenting the facts of their inspection and able to improve themselves. The spatial analysis is also expected to guide ship owners and managers to focus their vessel’s deficiencies on preventing sub-standardization. Policymakers also utilize these reports to evaluate their inspection practices.

Models of Willingness-to-Comply

Sarbanes Oxley Act (“SOX”; USA), the PCAOB, and the Dodd Frank Act (USA statute) and similar institutions in other countries have become major macroeconomic, sustainability, and IPE (international political economy) policies because of their significant domestic and cross-border multiplier effects across countries and industries via US multinational corporations (MNCs) and foreign companies that do business in the US and or list their shares/debts on US financial exchanges. SOX, the PCAOB and the Dodd Frank Act have had pervasive effects on accounting firms, consulting firms, and credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the US (e.g., disclosures, professional standards, regulation/compliance, standard-of-care, legal liability, internal controls, daily operations processes, etc.), but SOX, the Dodd Frank Act, and the PCAOB have failed.

The impact of the board of directors characteristics on regulation compliance: An evaluation of the board of directors’ effectiveness

This paper aims to investigate the board of directors’ (BD) effectiveness in enhancing compliance with regulations in the Saudi context. In particular, it explores whether there is an impact of the board of directors (size, independence, frequency of meeting and CEO serving on board) on the value of fines imposed by the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) during the period from 2010 to 2017. In total 728 year observations were collected and analyzed. Multiple linear regression is performed to examine the association between the value of fines imposed by CMA and companies’ board of directors attributes. The results show that the CEO is serving on board, and ownership concentration significantly impacts the value of the fines imposed by the CMA. These results suggest that power distance could influence the function and effectiveness of the board of directors in compliance with official regulations. This paper provides implications to regulators interested in fostering compliance with regulations in emerging capital markets. The findings can also help investors to enhance their corporate governance practices.