MEDIEVAL FLANGED TILES FROM THE SOUTH-WESTERN CRIMEA: PROBLEMS OF PRODUCTION LOCALIZATION, TYPOLOGY AND CHRONOLOGY

This text is about the problem of typology, localization of the producing and dating of medieval building ceramics (Flanged tiles) of the South-Western Crimea. The investigation of products of tile production centers in the South-Western Crimea allowed to systematize a large complex of archaeological sources. They came from various archeological sites that were located throughout the region. Technological and morphological typology allowed to arrange and dating all this complexes and different material in some cases with an accuracy of up to two decades. The unified technological and morphological description and typology of the material described development and evolution of tile production craft in the South-Western Crimea trough the Medieval time. Therefore, this work could be a variant of a unified field guide for medieval Flanged tiles from Crimean sites and a chronological chart for them.

Il divieto dell’usura nella società cristiana. Valore morale, significato storico e implicazioni economiche

This work studies the main functions, economic and moral, of the prohibition of interest in loans of money which was settled down, at medieval time, in the christiana respublica. Also, it analyses the benefits in social terms that this norm produced and the negative consequences that, however, were originated in the human being´s work of their cancellation on the part of the theorists of the classical economy at the modern time. Palabras clave: divieto di usura; società cristiana; morale cattolica; vangelo; depositum irregulare; libertà d’intrapresa; capitalismo; aliena-zione. Clasificación JEL: B11, B31, B53 Resumen: El presente trabajo estudia las principales funciones, eco-nómicas y morales, de la prohibición del interés en el prestamo de dine-ro que se estableció, en época medieval, en la respublica christiana. Igualmente, se analizan los beneficios en términos sociales que esa norma produjo y las consecuencias negativas que, en cambio, se origi-naron en el trabajo del ser humano de su anulación por parte de los teóricos de la economía clásica en la época moderna.

The Fourth Lateran Council as the Main Agenda for the Preparation of the Fifth Crusade

<p>The Latin Church in medieval time regarded crusades as holy wars against paganism and heretics. Pope Innocent III was one of the church leaders who strongly believed that Christians need to regain the Holy Land. After initiating the Fourth Crusade and was disappointed by the failure of the crusaders, Innocent III organised the Fourth Lateran Council for the main purpose of launching the Fifth Crusade. While some scholars maintained that the reform of universal church was one of the main agenda of the Council, this paper shows that it was ancillary to the preparation of all elements within the Church for the next Crusade.</p>

НОВЫЕ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНЫЕ ДАТЫ ТОРФЯНИКОВОЙ СТОЯНКИ ПОДОЛЬЕ 3 В ЮЖНОМ ПРИЛАДОЖЬЕ

Podolije 3 site is located in the basin of Lava river on the Southern coast of the Ladoga. The site was occupied several times during Neolithic period, in the Early Metal Epoch and in the Late Medieval Age. The cultural peat layer contents the remains of wood fishing constructions of end of 4 ka. BC. This artefacts belong to people of cultures of the Typical Comb Ware, the Late Comb Ware, the Late Pit-Comb Ware, the organic tempered ceramics and asbestos ceramics. The first period of occupation of these people is dated from 3900–1800 cal BC and second period associates with a Medieval time, from 1493–1780 cal AD.

Craniology of the Population of the Upper Left Bank of the Kuban River in VIII–XII centuries

Craniology of the Population of the Upper Left Bank of the Kuban River in VIII-XII centuries. Craniological materials of a number of burials from Western Alanya of the early medieval time are studied in the article. It also presents the archaeological attribution of these burials and the results of new multivariate statistical analyses. New comparative materials are employed in the study; the buried people are attributed to urban population.

Invented Histories: The Nihon Senshi of the Meiji Imperial Japanese Army

Nihon Senshi (Military History of Japan) was part of the new Imperial Japanese Army’s attempt to tie itself to examples from Japan’s “warring states” period, similar to scholars who created a feudal “medieval” time in the Japanese past to fit into Western historiography, and intellectuals who discovered a “traditional” spirit called bushidō as a counterpart for English chivalry. The interpretations of these campaigns, placing the “three unifiers” of the late sixteenth century as global leaders in the modernization of military tactics and technology, show the Imperial Japanese Army’s desire to be seen as a “modern” military through its invented “institutional” history.

Study of graft uptake in honey dressed wound: a 2 year experience

Background: Plenty of newer dressing material are available in market but mostly are not cost effective and not easily available especially in a rural set up. Honey being a traditional dressing material used from medieval time is cheap, readily available and can be applied easily by any person without any assistance. The objective was to study the effect of honey dressing on graft uptake.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted at Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India from July 2014 to August 2016. The study contains 117 patients with ulcers over various aetiology and at various sites, which were divided into two groups; one group contains 61 (52.13%) patient where the wound was dressed with honey dressing while in other group 56 (47.88%) patients were dressed with normal saline. Outcome measures were calculated in terms of proportion of acceptance of graft on day 5 and day 14 after the wound is grafted. Patients were followed-up for a maximum of 30 days post grafting.Results: It was found that in 57 (93.44%) patients in honey group showed nearly 100% graft acceptance on day 5 while only 18 (32.14%) patients in saline group showed nearly 100% graft acceptance. On day 14 it was found that in honey group 45 (73.77%) patients showed nearly 100% graft acceptance while only 8 (14.29%) patients in saline group showed nearly 100% graft acceptance.Conclusions: The present study concludes that wound dressed with honey shows greater graft acceptance as compared to wound dressed with normal saline.

The Dawn of Humane Leprosy Segregation: Transforming Leprosarium into Home

Leprosarium or leprosy asylum has always been associated with cruel segregation of leprosy sufferers from the society. However, humane approach was suggested in the international arena in 1923 to reform the former unsympathetic compulsory segregation to make leprosy sufferers “human” again. Prior to this revelation that leprosarium should be attractive to persuade leprosy sufferers to admit themselves voluntarily, missionary organizations have been establishing humane leprosarium that mirrors a home rather than an institution. There are studies on the eminent Mission to Lepers, such as Kakar (1996), Buckingham (2002), Joseph (2003), and Robertson (2009). However, the architectural and planning idea of the missionary organizations, which is disparate from the conventional leprosy institutions established since the medieval time, has yet to be studied. The aim of this paper is to identify the idea and principles of humane segregation in leprosarium practiced by missionary organizations, especially the influential leprosarium model by Mission to Lepers. It is carried out through content analysis on missionary books, reports and biographies, leprosy journals, newspapers, drawings, and photographs. The analysis enables the identification of unique spatial planning and built form of missionary leprosarium model. The findings showed that missionary leprosarium model imitates the natural village to create a sense of home for leprosy sufferers, and self-sustainable in character. Missionary leprosaria are also community-driven and semi-autonomous. All this has accredited missionary leprosy organizations as the forerunner in humane leprosarium design that thrives in the 1920s to 1930s. This study would be able to help us to understand how architecture was utilized as a tool in disease prevention yet aspired to preserve the humanity among leprosy outcasts. Further research can be done to enhance the study such as human perception and psychology towards the architectural design of leprosarium and the socio-cultural impact on the residence as well as the society.