Lipid-Head-Polymer-Tail Chimeric Nanovesicles

Lipid nanovesicles (LNVs) and polymer nanovesicles (PNVs), also known as liposomes and polymersomes, are becoming increasingly vital in global health. One recent example is the widely distributed mRNA Covid-19 vaccines. However, the two major classes of nanovesicles both exhibit their own issues that significantly limit potential applications. Here, by covalently attaching a naturally occurring phosphate “lipid head” and a synthetic polylactide “polymer tail” via facile ring-opening polymerization on a 500-gram scale, a type of “chimeric” nanovesicles (CNVs) can be easily produced. Compared to LNVs, the reported CNVs exhibit reduced permeability for small and large molecules; on the other hand, the CNVs are less hydrophobic and exhibit enhanced tolerance toward proteins in buffer solutions without the need for hydrophilic polymeric corona such as poly(ethylene glycol), in contrast to conventional PNVs. The proof-of-concept in vitro delivery experiments using hydrophilic solutions of fluorescein-PEG, rhodamine-PEG, and anti-cancer drug doxorubicin demonstrate that these CNVs, as a structurally diverse class of nano-materials, are highly promising as alternative carriers for therapeutic molecules in translational nanomedicine.

Compare Among Methods for Re-Habitation Damaged Concrete Beams-Ferrocement, Steel, FCRP and Nano-Materials Sections

The complicated and costly of concrete structures as well as the exposure to risk, owing to several factors such as ecological, design and construction, has resulted in a wide variety of methods for residential concrete structures, such as ferrocement sections technology, steel section technology, FCRP technology, and nano-material technologies. In this article the four approaches employed for rehabilitation of damaged concrete were compared. The questionnaire is given to 100 construction engineers and project management professionals to determine their preferred methods and advise them on their strength, effort, time and cost. To confirm the results, the researcher conducted an experiment to compare among these methods. research result, recommendations for future research, and conclusions were discussed in detail.

A review of the effect and optimization of use of nano-TiO2 in cementitious composites

There are some problems and weaknesses related to cement-based materials, such as their very low tensile strength, low chemical resistance and the huge contribution of cement production to industrial CO2 emissions. One possible method to reduce the impacts of such problems is the partial replacement of cement in cementitious materials with nano materials. This work provides a detailed review of incorporation of one of the most widely used nano materials, namely nano-titanium dioxide, and its effect on the properties of cementitious composites. Different properties have been considered in the current study, such as fresh properties, mechanical properties (compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength), durability (permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), electrical resistivity, carbonation resistance, freeze and thaw resistance and sulfate attack resistance) and microstructural properties. This paper also investigates the optimum content of nano-TiO2 in cement-based materials. Moreover, the cost effectiveness of use on nano-titania in cementitious composites has been discussed. Nano titania reduces the workability and setting time of cement-based materials. It can be very effective in improving the mechanical properties, durability and microstructural properties of cementitious composites.