Evaluating the Curriculum of Teaching Methods of Basic Education Colleges from the Points of View of the Teachers

The present study tries to evaluate the content of the curriculum of general teaching methods of Basic education college so as to identify the strong and weak points, and to make some remedies of the weak points. Questionnaire is used to gather information of the study. The main areas of questionnaire are: Content, Aim, method and Testing. The sample of the study consists of 25 teachers. The study results indicated that there are some defects in designing the contents and aim of the curriculum of general teaching method. The study has ended up with a number conclusions and recommendations based on its results.

What Strategies for the Sustainable Management of Public Debts in Sub-Saharan Africa?

Aim/Method: This article examines the different strategies required for the sustainability of sub-Sahara Africa’s external debt by applying the Simonsen criterion[1] and the conditions of the Harrod-Domar debt and growth model. Results/Conclusion: We then suggest that for debt to be sustainable the financial ratios have to be respected. So the effective servicing of the external debt in Sub-Saharan Africa requires that the expenses incurred in reducing poverty should be known. If the difference between the net returns and the expenses incurred in fighting against poverty is negative this reduces the burden of the debt. Finally, we recommend that Sub-Saharan African countries should use a combination of strategies based on sustainable development, financial resources of the government, and regulatory and institutional norms to manage their debts sustainably.

Simultaneously Content Analysis of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Tablet Dosage Form by Spectrophotometry Ultraviolet with Dual Wavelenght Method

Aim: method development results from this study are expected to be one of the methods that can be applied by the relevant agencies in determining the simultaneous levels of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet dosage form. Pyrimethamine - Sulfadoxine (PS) is an anti-malarial drug combination sulfonamide group / sulfone with nature skizontosida diaminopirimidine network, these drugs are very practical because it can be given in a single dose, and however, this combination provides a new challenge for the pharmaceutical industry in connection with the development of new analytical methods in the determination of levels. Methods: The study was carried out experimentally by spectrophotometric method is the method of multiple wavelengths and then tested for validity based validation parameters, namely linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ and intraday and inter day. Then, the method is tested on dosage tablets containing pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine that are on the market. Results: The results showed that the application of the method of multiple wavelengths at a concentration carried out at λ 284.8 nm and 258.8 nm to pyrimethamine and at λ 274.2 nm and 291.6 nm to sulfadoxine. Research results successfully applied the method dual wavelength which is successfully applied to determining the concentration of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine simultaneously in a tablet.

Intra-/Intermolecular Bifurcated Chalcogen Bonding in Crystal Structure of Thiazole/Thiadiazole Derived Binuclear (Diaminocarbene)PdII Complexes

The coupling of cis-[PdCl2(CNXyl)2] (Xyl = 2,6-Me2C6H3) with 4-phenylthiazol-2-amine in molar ratio 2:3 at RT in CH2Cl2 leads to binuclear (diaminocarbene)PdII complex 3c. The complex was characterized by HRESI+-MS, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and its structure was elucidated by single-crystal XRD. Inspection of the XRD data for 3c and for three relevant earlier obtained thiazole/thiadiazole derived binuclear diaminocarbene complexes (3a EYOVIZ; 3b: EYOWAS; 3d: EYOVOF) suggests that the structures of all these species exhibit intra-/intermolecular bifurcated chalcogen bonding (BCB). The obtained data indicate the presence of intramolecular S•••Cl chalcogen bonds in all of the structures, whereas varying of substituent in the 4th and 5th positions of the thiazaheterocyclic fragment leads to changes of the intermolecular chalcogen bonding type, viz. S•••π in 3a,b, S•••S in 3c, and S•••O in 3d. At the same time, the change of heterocyclic system (from 1,3-thiazole to 1,3,4-thiadiazole) does not affect the pattern of non-covalent interactions. Presence of such intermolecular chalcogen bonding leads to the formation of one-dimensional (1D) polymeric chains (for 3a,b), dimeric associates (for 3c), or the fixation of an acetone molecule in the hollow between two diaminocarbene complexes (for 3d) in the solid state. The Hirshfeld surface analysis for the studied X-ray structures estimated the contributions of intermolecular chalcogen bonds in crystal packing of 3a–d: S•••π (3a: 2.4%; 3b: 2.4%), S•••S (3c: less 1%), S•••O (3d: less 1%). The additionally performed DFT calculations, followed by the topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the framework of Bader’s theory (AIM method), confirm the presence of intra-/intermolecular BCB S•••Cl/S•••S in dimer of 3c taken as a model system (solid state geometry). The AIM analysis demonstrates the presence of appropriate bond critical points for these interactions and defines their strength from 0.9 to 2.8 kcal/mol indicating their attractive nature.

The Influence of Smelting Process on the Quality of XX Fe Based Alloy

XX Fe based alloy was the raw material to make amorphous strip by means of vacuum induction melting (VIM) which cost too much. To reduce the cost, an air induction melting (AIM) method was studied in this paper. In smelting process of the experiments, two kinds of crucible and different slag were used to prepare different samples. The inclusions in the samples were studied by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis (ESA).The results showed that, by using alkaline crucible and appropriate slag, inclusions in the XX Fe based alloy can be controlled in a relatively low range.