The Influence of Smelting Process on the Quality of XX Fe Based Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Zhang ◽  
Xue Cheng Lu ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Chun Yan Yang ◽  
Ruo Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Aim Method ◽  
Slag Inclusions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Scanning Electron

XX Fe based alloy was the raw material to make amorphous strip by means of vacuum induction melting (VIM) which cost too much. To reduce the cost, an air induction melting (AIM) method was studied in this paper. In smelting process of the experiments, two kinds of crucible and different slag were used to prepare different samples. The inclusions in the samples were studied by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis (ESA).The results showed that, by using alkaline crucible and appropriate slag, inclusions in the XX Fe based alloy can be controlled in a relatively low range.

Research on XX Fe Based Alloy Prepared by Air Induction Melting

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Zhang ◽  
Ai Fen Xu ◽  
Xiao Fan Chen ◽  
Ruo Lei Li ◽  
Chun Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High ◽  
Scanning Electron

The production cost of amorphous alloys by vacuum induction melting (VIM) was very high. In order to reduce the cost, in this paper, alloys were prepared in alkaline crucible protected with different slags by Air induction melting (AIM). The comparison was found out between VTM and ATM in the research by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDS, etc. Experimental results showed that Fe-Si-B alloys can be prepared by AIM with economic and technical feasibility.

Mechanical Interlocking on Leadframe Surface for Bondability of Au Wedge Bond

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Roslina Ismail ◽  
Fuaida Harun ◽  
Azman Jalar ◽  
Shahrum Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Effect Of Surface

This work is a contribution towards the understanding of wire bond integrity and reliability in relation to their microstructural and mechanical properties in semiconductor packaging.The effect of surface roughness and hardness of leadframe on the bondability of Au wedge bond still requires detail analysis. Two type of leadframes namely leadframe A and leadframe B were chosen and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope were used to inspect the surface morphology of leadframes and the quality of created Au wedge bond after wire bonding process. It was found that there were significant differences in the surface morphologies between these two leadframes. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) which was utilized to measure the average roughness, Ra of lead finger confirms that leadframe A has the highest Ra with value of 166.46 nm compared to that of leadframe B with value of 85.89 nm. While hardness value of different lead finger from the selected leadframe A and B obtained using Vicker microhardness tester are 180.9 VH and 154.2VH respectively.

Micromachining of Metals, Alloys and Ceramics by Picosecond Laser Ablation

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqian Hu ◽  
Galen B. King ◽  
Yung C. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Picosecond Laser ◽  
Ablation Rate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Recast Layer ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Percussion Drilling ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microhole drilling and microstructure machining with a picosecond (ps) Nd:YVO4 laser (pulse duration of 10 ps) in metals, alloys and ceramics are reported. Blind and through microholes were drilled by percussion drilling as well as trepanning drilling. The diameters of the holes were in the range from 20 μm to 1000 μm. Microfeatures were machined and the flexibility of ps laser machining was demonstrated. The quality of drilled holes, e.g., recast layer, microcrack and conicity, and that of the microstructures, were investigated by optical microscope, surface profilometer, or scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ps laser ablation rate was investigated by experiments as well as a simplified laser ablation model.

Production of Fe3Al-Based Intermetallic Alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Sikka
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Arc Melting

ABSTRACTThe melting of Fe3Al-based alloys at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and commercial vendors is described. The melting processes evaluated include arc melting, air-induction melting (AIM), vacuum-induction melting (VIM), vacuum-arc remelting (VAR), and electroslag remelting (ESR). The quality of the ingots studied are based on internal soundness and the surface finish obtained. The ingots were analyzed for impurity levels observed in the alloys by various melting processes. Recommendations are made for viable processes for commercial melting of these alloys.

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Cu80Cr20 Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Z.M. Zhou ◽  
W.J. Huang ◽  
J. Luo ◽  
X.P. Li ◽  
T. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Electromagnetic Levitation ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Splat Quenching ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of Cu80Cr20 alloys was studied by using vacuum non-consumable arc melting, vacuum induction melting, electromagnetic levitation and splat quenching. The microstructure evolution of the Cr-rich were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The results showed that nonuniform Cr-rich dendrite distributes on Cu-rich matrix for arc melted alloys and uniform Cr-rich dendrite distributes on Cu-rich matrix for electromagnetic levitation melted alloys and vacuum induction melted alloys. However, the Cr-rich phase show both dendrites and spheroids for splat quenched alloys. This means liquid phase separation occurred during rapid solidification.

scholarly journals Modelling of the process of vybromechanical activation of plant raw material hydrolysis for pectin extraction

10.5219/1305 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Igor Palamarchuk ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk ◽  
Vladislav Sukhenko ◽  
Vladislav Dudchenko ◽  
Lidija Korets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Drive Shaft ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power And Energy

Centrifugal and vibrational technological effects are among the main approaches to intensify the process of plant raw materials hydrolysis for pectin extraction. With the impulse intensification of such a process, it is possible not only to increase its efficiency, but also to achieve the compactness of the equipment, reduce the cost of electricity and improve the quality of the product of hydrolysis. The hypothesis is confirmed, according to which the vibro-centrifugal intensification of hydrolysis increases the driving force of the process by not only activating the material flows of raw materials and reagents, but also by reducing the resistance in the technological environment. Graphical and analytical dependencies of the power and energy parameters of the oscillatory system were obtained, which proved the overcoming of the flow resistance of the liquid medium in the entire speed range of the drive shaft with the potential to intensify the process at a power consumption of 2.0 – 3.0 kW and or by the force of 2.3 – 2.5 kN using the Lagrange and Cauchy methods for composing and solving the equations of motion of the moving components of the tested hydrolyser with vibrating activators, and the methods of mathematical analysis and their processing in the MathCAD. The analysis of the presented parameters of the studied process of mixing the pectin-containing mass in the hydrolyser allowed us to determine the rational mode parameters of processing, which correspond to the angular velocity of the drive shaft  rad/s at the power consumption of 500 – 600 watts.

scholarly journals Bio-waste to Bio-plastic (B2B): Production of Compostable Bio-Plastics from Food Waste

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Angeliki Maragkaki ◽  
Ioannis Sampathianakis ◽  
Katerina Katrini ◽  
Eleni Michalodimitraki ◽  
C. Gryparis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Recovered Material ◽  
The Cost

The degree of purity of materials recovered from municipal solid waste (MSW) depends mainly on the objective: the intended use of the recovered material and the cost to recover this material in its pure form, determined by the intensity of the effort and the technology involved. The Bio-waste to Bio-plastic (B2B) Project aims to develop an integrated separation process at the bio-waste source, focusing on Hospitality Units. The quality of the collected bio-waste will be upgraded by removing foreign bodies or even specific categories of food waste, or by adding bio-waste from other, more specialized, sources (e.g. bakery residues) to produce compostable bio-plastics through an optimal synthesis process. Compostable bio-plastics are high added value products, which justify an increase in the cost of the preceding processes. After examining the possibility of further source separation and its results, B2B will study the optimal collection and transport system which decisively affects many qualitative elements, testing and evaluating a relatively high-cost but highly effective solution, that of hand-sorting in order to optimize materials recovery. B2B will identify all the parameters of the production process of PLA monomers and (poly) lactic acid in relation to the quality characteristics of the raw material (bio-waste) collected from Hospitality Units. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of food waste (bio-waste) produced in Hospitality Units will then take place. All the above will be tested on a bench-scale unit that will allow their further study and their substantial improvement, as well as the extraction of realistic results. Finally, the effect of the end-product bio-plastic on the composting and anaerobic digestion of bio-waste will be examined. The expected results from the B2B implementation are an optimized source separation scheme for Hospitality Units, the identification of the appropriate method of upgrading the quality of residues collected for the purpose of bio-plastic production, and eventually an integrated process of converting bio-waste into a high added value product.

A Simplified Method of Synthesis and Purification of 4-Dimethylamino-N-Methyl -4-Stilbazolium Tosylate

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei You ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Bing Teng ◽  
Lin Hua Xia ◽  
Xin Xing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
The Cost

DAST (4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate) crystal material was synthesized and purified by a relatively simple method. The synthesis process was easy to operate experimentally and the cost of raw materials can be cut down. The purification process was much easier than the previously published method. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) was used to analyze the functional group of raw material and no extra functional groups were found. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study was performed to identify the different modes presented in the compound. The results showed that the quality of the prepared crystal raw material could meet the requirements on crystal growth. DAST crystals were grown from the synthesized raw material by slowly cooling method. The crystal structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study and the results showed that the crystal grown from the synthesized raw material was the same as that grown from pure DAST crystal raw material.

Cases Analysis of Nonconformity in Ultrasonic Flaw Detection for Steel Plates

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 917-920
Author(s):  
Yi Qiang Sun ◽  
Li Xin Wu ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Zhi Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flaw Detection ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Slag Inclusion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Continuous Casting Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw Detection ◽  
Ultrasonic Flaw ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope were used to analyze the causes of Nonconformity in ultrasonic flaw detection for three steel plates. The metallographic and energy spectrum analysis show that the main reasons were inclusions, porosity and cracks respectively, which were caused by the slag inclusion, center porosity and center segregation of the billets. Improving the quality of the steel water and optimizing continuous casting process could reduce the defects, and increase the percent qualified in ultrasonic flaw detection.

scholarly journals Optimization Model and Pollution Treatment of Sintering Ore Distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibo Wang ◽  
Hao Yue ◽  
Huibo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Advanced Degree ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ore Distribution ◽  
The Cost

sintering process plays an important role in iron and steel smelting process. The subsequent production of blast furnace ironmaking is directly affected by the quality of sinter. Among them, the proportion of raw materials and the advanced degree of sintering process are the two main factors affecting the quality of sinter. Because the control parameters of sintering process are too many and the physical and chemical process is too complex, it is difficult to establish and control the model accurately. Therefore, workers have long relied on experience to set temperature and other factors to engage in production, resulting in the quality of sinter is unstable, the cost is not easy to be controlled. Moreover, the flue gas produced in the sintering process will have different effects on the environment. Through the data analysis of the ore distribution scheme and the results of the physicochemical analysis of sinter in a steel plant, two aspects of the work are completed: one is to establish the optimal model of the cost of the sintering process, and the most suitable temperature for the sintering process. The second is the analysis of harmful components produced in sintering process.

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