Studies on VLF atmospherics during the tropical cyclone “AILA” and several monsoon period thunderstorms over north-east India

bl 'kks/k i= esa vizSy 2009 ls vDrwcj 2009 dh vof/k ds nkSjku HkkSfrdh foHkkx] f=iqjk fo’ofo|ky; }kjk oh- ,y- ,Q- ok;qeaMyh; vFkok LQsfjDl dh vfHkyk{kf.kd fofo/krk dks pkj vyx & vyx vko`fr;ksa esa ntZ fd;k x;k gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa mRrj iwoZ Hkkjr ds 76 lfØ; xtZ ds lkFk rwQku okys vf/kdk¡’k fnuksa ds vk¡dMs+ iz;qDr fd, x,A buls izkIr ifj.kkeksa esa ekulwu ds nkSjku LQsfjDl ifjorZu esa dbZ izdkj dh fo’ks"krk,¡ n’kkZbZ xbZ gSaA bu Øfed fxjkoV] Øfed o`f) ¼th- ,Q- th- vkj-½] Øfed o`f) vpkud fxjkoV ¼th- vkj- ,l- ,Q-½] Øfed o`f) Øfed fxjkoV ¼th- vkj th- ,Q-½] Øfed fxjkoV vpkud o`f) ¼th- ,Q-,l- vkj-½] vkdfLed o`f) Øfed fxjkoV ¼,l- vkj- th- ,Q-½] vpkud fxjkoV vpkud o`f) ¼,l- vkj- ,l- ,Q-½ vpkud fxjkoV vpkud o`f) ¼,l- ,Q- ,l- vkj-½ vpkud fxjkoV Øfed o`f) ¼,l- ,Q- th- vkj-½ rFkk dBksj ¼Spiky½ Lo:i esa n’kkZ;k x;k gSA ekulwuh lfØ; xtZ ds lkFk rwQkuksa okys vf/kdka’k fnuksa esa lHkh izdkj ds iSVuksaZ esa ¼th- vkj th- ,Q-½ dh vko`fr vf/kdrj izdj.kksa esa ntZ gqbZ gS ¼izR;sd vko`fr esa vkSlru yxHkx 37 izfr’kr ?kVuk,¡ ntZ gqbZ gSa½ gekjh izs{k.kkRed vof/k ds nkSjku 23&26 ebZ dh vof/k esa caxky dh [kkM+h esa ‘vkbZyk’ uked ,d rhoz m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr vkj-,l-,e-lh- inuke% ch- vks- ch- vks-2] ts- Vh- MCY;w- lh- inuke% vks- Vw- ch- vk;k FkkA 25 ebZ 2009 ds m".k ds m".kdfVca/kh; pØokr ds nkSjku lHkh izdkj ds lkekU; ekulwuh vof/k dh vfHkyk{kf.kd fo’ks"krkvksa esa ,l-vkj-,l-,Q- ¼izR;sd vko`fr esa 86 izfr’kr ds vkSlru nj ls ?kfVr½ vko`fr vf/kdrj izdj.kksa esa ns[kh xbZ gSA tc pØokr caxky dh [kkM+h ds rVksa ls Vdjk;k ml fnu ds LQsfjDl ds vyx&vyx vko`fr forj.kksa ds vuqlkj o`f) vkSj fxjkoV dk xaHkhjrk ls fo’ys"k.k fd;k x;kA ekulwuh fnuksa vkSj ‘vkbyk’ pØokr lfØ; fnol ds lHkh ds lHkh izdkj ds iSVuksaZ dk rqyukRed v/;;u fd;k x;kA gekjs fu"d"kZ ds vuqlkj izpaM pØokr ‘vkbyk’ vkSj vU; xtZ Hkjs rwQku okys ekulwuh fnuksa ds nkSjku mRrj iwoZ Hkkjr esa cknyksa dh lw{e lajpuk esa dkQh varj fn[kkA pØokrh xfrfof/k ds nkSjku LQSfjDl ds ns[ks x, cnyko dh laHkkfor O;k[;k dks xtZ Hkjs rwQku okys cknyksa dh rfM+r xfrfof/k ds vk/kkj ij le>k;k x;k gSA The present work reports the characteristic variations in VLF atmospherics or sferics at four discrete frequencies recorded at the Department of Physics, Tripura University, during the period from April 2009 to October 2009. Data from 76 active thunder days over North-East India is considered for the present investigation. Results show several types of features in the variation of sferics during the monsoon period. These are termed as gradual fall gradual rise (GFGR), gradual rise sudden fall (GRSF), gradual rise gradual fall (GRGF), gradual fall sudden rise (GFSR), sudden rise gradual fall (SRGF), sudden rise sudden fall (SRSF), sudden fall sudden rise (SFSR), sudden fall gradual rise (SFGR) and spiky. During the Monsoon thunder active days, amongst all the patterns, GRGF occurred in most of the cases in all frequencies (average occurrence rate around 37% in each frequency). During our observational period, a severe tropical cyclonic storm named “AILA” (RSMC Designation BOB02, JTWC Designation 02B) occurred over the Bay of Bengal during 23-26 May 2009. Among several characteristic features during normal Monsoon period, SRSF (average occurrence rate around 86 % in each frequency) dominated the sferics on the 25 May, 2009, when the cyclone struck the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal. The sferics of that day has been analyzed critically with respect to discrete frequency distribution of rise rate and fall rate of the intensity of the sferics. A comparison is made for all the patterns for the Monsoon days and the AILA cyclone active day. Our findings show substantial difference in the microstructure of clouds producing severe cyclonic storms like AILA and other thunderstorms during Monsoon seasons over North-East India. The possible interpretation of the observed variations in sferics is explained on the basis of the electrical activity that occurs inside a thunder-cloud especially during cyclonic activity.

Op weg naar een geschreven eenheidstaal

Towards a uniform written Dutch: The elimination of dialect features by Gheraert Leeu, printer in Gouda and Antwerp This study discusses the influence of the printing press on the gradual rise of standard Dutch on the basis of the language used in a selection of incunables, printed by Gheraert Leeu, one of the pioneers of early printing. Leeu was active in Gouda (Holland) from 1477 until 1484, but moved in 1484 to the city of Antwerp (Brabant), where he continued his printing activity until his sudden death in 1492. In three books from Gouda and five books originating from Antwerp, we determined the degree of dialecticity, classified the dialect variants according to their origin, interpreted the variation found between regional and non-regional variants and discussed their diachronic evolution. We found that both the Hollandic and the Brabantish dialect features were increasingly replaced by their non-regional equivalents. By rapidly diminishing the amount of dialect variants in his printed language, Gheraert Leeu contributed to the transition from dialectal Late Middle Dutch to more supraregional Early New Dutch, which was reflected in Hollandic and Antwerp printed books around 1500. So the traditional view that the standard Dutch is based on the Hollandic dialect of the 17th century, should be revised: a tendency towards more uniformity in written Dutch was already noticeable at the end of the 15th century among printers in Antwerp and Holland, who were striving for a more uniform language in order to enlarge the sales market for their printed books. The case of the famous printer Gheraert Leeu shows that the prosperous city of Antwerp played a leading role in the development of a uniform written language.

The Ethical Philosophic Dimension of Responsibility in Mitigating the COVID-19 Disaster in Indonesia

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a global disaster and every country makes efforts to mitigate it. There needs to be a gradual rise of awareness on the ethics of responsibility to others in the form of a sense of solidarity and togetherness. Philosopher Emmanuel Levinas stated that the basic facts in his philosophy were other people. Therefore, his philosophy is the ethics of responsibility toward others. COVID-19 deserves to be a momentum to reflect on Levinas’ philosophy, by reaffirming responsibility toward others as an ethical fact in mitigating the COVID-19 disaster in Indonesia.

Vladimir’s Bakarić’s Idea of a Socialist (Croatian) Nation: From Communist Historicism to Depoliticization

This article examines how the long-serving Croatian communist leader Vladimir Bakarić conceptualized the Croatian self-managing nation from a set of ideas that involved decentralization, the depoliticization of national identity, and the forging of a classless self-managing nation. As the centralism of the 1950s, originally envisioned to serve the progress of socialism, eventually brought about the gradual rise of inter-national antagonisms between republics in Yugoslavia, Bakarić assumed that empowering the authorities of the republics and the autonomous provinces should serve as the necessary precondition to prevent national identity from being the source of any potential future conflicts. Subsequently, Bakarić conceptualized decentralization as a means that would eventually lead to the depoliticization of national identity, which was necessary to unleash the building of a classless self-management society accompanied by the withering away of state. This article will show how Bakarić’s concept of the nation suffered from two serious shortcomings. The first one stemmed from the 1960 purge of socialist Yugoslavism of any notion of ethnicity, since any idea of Yugoslav ethnic identity had been linked to the Greater-Serbian legacy of the pre-war Yugoslav Royal Dictatorship. The second one stemmed from the fact that ethnic nationalism was latently maintained by the deployment of historical narratives of the communists as the heirs of the true national traditions and the best guardians of the national interest.

The interrogative intonation in the Kunigami dialect of Okinoerabu, Ryukyu

Cross-linguistically, intonation patterns for yes/no questions rise in many languages. However, there are multiple reports of interrogative sentences with falling intonation in Japanese dialects. It is said that five types of interrogative intonation exist in Japanese dialects: rising, where the end of the sentence always rises; falling 1, where the end of the sentence always falls; falling 2, where the interrogative appears morphologically in the sentence, and the sentence falls; complement, where tone in the sentence falls if the interrogative morphologically appears and rises if it does not; and gradual rise, where the tone gradually rises until the end of the sentence. However, the Kunigami dialect does not adhere to these patterns. In Kunigami yes/no questions, the tone falls if an interrogative morphologically appears but reveals a distinctive intonation from a declarative sentence if it does not. Therefore, in the case of Kunigami, the interrogative intonation typology should not be reconstructed on the basis of absolute rise or fall but on the basis of contrast with a declarative sentence.

Is Archival Scholarship for Everybody?

Analyzing over 7000 academic journal articles spanning four decades, this research uses bibliometric methods to assess the hypothesis that the archival field is a feminized discipline. First, an explanation of our dataset is presented, followed by the results of the proportion of men and women amongst the authors for which we were able to assign a perceived gender. This analysis shows a gradual rise of female-perceived authorship. We then compare these results to the differences in citations between papers with female and male first authors, which shows no clear trend.

Blazing Israeli-Palestinian conflict may burn out

Significance The latest outbreak of violence follows a gradual rise in localised tensions during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, mostly centred in Jerusalem. However, it also reflects high-level political shifts over the same period on both the Israeli and Palestinian sides, as well as the changed international environment under the new US administration. Impacts Israel’s Supreme Court will seek to avoid ruling on the constitutionality of the Absentee Assets Law, key to Jerusalem land disputes. US President Joe Biden will face pressure from the Democratic party’s left wing to strengthen criticism of Israeli policies. Israel’s Likud party will try to split rival factions by raising controversial issues such as West Bank settlement legalisation.

USE OF UTTAR BASTI IN SECONDARY INFERTILITY WITH CHOCOLATE CYST – A CASE STUDY

Women are worshipped as Goddess due to their ability of bringing new life on earth. During reproductive period of women’s life there are varieties of ovarian cysts formation which leads to menstrual disturbance which might further lead to infertility. In recent years there is gradual rise in detection of ovarian cysts due to advance diagnostics. There is prevalence of 17 to 44% of ovarian cysts formation during reproductive phase. In this article, a case report regarding a patient of age 30 years having previous H/O bilateral choco-late cyst with both tubes thick with endometriosis and laparoscopic findings s/o impatiens tubes. For which patient had undergone laparoscopic aspiration. She was again diagnosed with recurrence of chocolate cyst by ultrasonography for that she came to my OPD for treatment. In Ayurveda it is stated that Shuddha yoni, Ambu, Beej and Kshetra are needed for Garbhadharan. Treatment plan was Shodhana, Uttar Basti with lekhandravyas and Shamanachikitsa. After 3 months of treatment regimen ultrasonography and hyster-osalpingography were repeated and reports revealed that previous mentioned left ovarian com-plex/haemorrhagic cyst is not seen, and tubes are patent. Hence, case study confirms that we can treat chocolate cyst with the help of Uttar Basti and Shamanachikitsa which acts as Lekhan and normalizes Vat-adosha and Raktadosha.