A propos of the composition of Russian / English legal terminology: nedvizhimost / realty

The article focuses upon key legal terms and their functions within Russian / English legal terminology, namely nedvizhimost / realty. The research aims to determine key legal terms that tend to form the terminology, analyze their meaning and structure, as well as the means of terminology enlargement. The paper covers current theoretical issues on the topic, features the patterns of legal terminology nedvizhimost / realty with the specific patterns in two languages. The research based on dictionaries of law data and professional literature concludes that Russian legal terms define nedvizhimost as the material object whereas English legal terms represent realty not only as the object but mainly as the rights for it. Outweighing consubstantial terms in number both Russian and English legal terms stand for highly specialized terms with poly-lexemic structures, emphasizing the significant function of the attributive parts, that can either co-exist with the basic term (out of their structure) or displace them.

Übermensch und Ebenbild

›Übermensch‹ and Image of God – Optimizing and Optimistic Figurations of Education according to Friedrich Nietzsche and Alfred Petzelt If optimization is a pedagogical basic term, then Friedrich Nietzsche’s work not only contains crucial theoretical models, but he also brings them to the corresponding anthropological figure with the ›Übermensch‹. Alfred Petzelt, on the other hand, is a witness to Nietzsche’s fatal instrumentalization under National Socialism, to which he replies with an educational configuration based on Cusanus and Kant. With the concept of the image of God its educational configuration is reminiscent of the timeless regulative of morality and truth.

Merleau-Ponty and Mexica Ontology

Movement is crucial to Merleau-Ponty’s effort to comprehend sense, meaning as generated within being. This requires a new concept of movement, not as a dislocation within an already determinate space- or time- frame, but as a deeper, more fundamental change that first engenders space and time as determinate contexts in which movement can follow a sensible course. This poses a novel challenge: conceptualizing determinate space and time as contingently arising from a deeper sort of change, which I call templacement. I address this challenge by turning to the Mexica/Aztecs because the most basic term of their ontology is motion-change, and it is obvious to them that motion-change does not occur in an abstract space-time container. Instead, time-place is woven out of ‘prior’ motion-change. This study leads to a deeper lesson for phenomenology, regarding ‘obvious’ presuppositions about what time and philosophy obviously are – and how these presuppositions go hand in hand.La question du mouvement est cruciale dans l’effort de Merleau-Ponty pour comprendre le sens, la signification telle qu’elle se produit dans l’être. Cela requiert un nouveau concept du mouvement, qui n’est pas compris comme un déplacement dans un cadre spatial – ou temporel – prédéterminé, mais plutôt comme un changement plus profond et fondamental, qui, avant tout, produit l’espace et le temps comme des contextes déterminés dans lesquels le mouvement peut suivre un cours sensible. Cela pose un nouveau défi : conceptualiser un espace et un temps déterminés qui résulteraient, de manière contingente, d’un type de changement plus profond, que j’appellerai templacement. Je lance ce défi en me tournant vers les Mexicas/Aztèques parce que le terme le plus élémentaire de leur ontologie est le mouvement-changement, et il est naturel pour eux que le mouvement-changement n’ait pas lieu dans un conteneur spatio-temporel abstrait. Au contraire, le temps-lieu est tissé sans mouvement-changement « préalable ». Cette recherche conduit à un enseignement encore plus profond pour la phénoménologie, concernant au sujet des présupposition “évidentes” sur le temps et sur la philosophie, et elle nous montre aussi comment ces présuppositions sont étroitement liées.Il movimento è un elemento cruciale nello sforzo di Merleau-Ponty di comprendere il senso, il significato in quanto generato all’interno dell’essere. Questo sforzo richiede un nuovo concetto di movimento, da intendere non come movimento-spostamento nell’ambito di una cornice spazio-temporale predefinita, ma come più profondo e più fondamentale mutamento che inaugura lo spazio e il tempo, in quanto contesti nei quali il movimento stesso può esprimere una traiettoria dotata di senso. Si pone quindi una nuova sfida: quella di concettualizzare lo spazio e il tempo come generati da una forma più radicale di mutamento, che propongo di definire templacement. Per affrontare questa sfida, mi rivolgo ai Mexica/Aztechi poiché il termine più basilare della loro ontologia è quello del moto-mutamento, e poiché essi ritengono ovvio che questo moto-mutamento non si verifichi all’interno di un contenitore spazio-temporale astratto: al contrario, lo spazio-tempo è per loro un intreccio che risulta da un moto-mutamento “precedente”. Questo studio permette di ricavare una lezione più profonda per la fenomenologia, che concerne le sue “ovvie” presupposizioni riguardo a che cosa siano “ovviamente” il tempo e la filosofia – e a come queste presupposizioni siano strettamente connesse.

Imagery and Metaphorical Space of the Term in the Language of Scientific Texts by V. Vinogradov

The article considers the functions of the system of verbal imagery’s in the creation of the scientific style of V.V. Vinogradov. The figurativeness of basic, background and metaphorical terms is described. The semantic structure of the image of the basic term «style» is analyzed, figurative paradigms of the concepts Language, Speech and Style are revealed. The article shows the relationship between scientific thinking and metaphorical style, the role of sustainable cognitive metaphors in the creation, storage and transfer of pragmatic information and the creation of a cultural and historical context.

Research on Chinese school of modern GUANLI science

Purpose The purpose of this article is to put forward China’s Hanyu Pinyin word guanli as an academic basic term to the world. Design/methodology/approach GUANLI as an academic basic term, which holds multiple meanings of several English words, such as management, administration, governance, etc. As a basic term, GUANLI, derived several words, such as GUANLIOLOGY, GUANLIST/GUANLIER and GUANLIWORK/GUANLIJOB, to precisely and exactly convey the Chinese GUANLI ideas. It is the historical mission and opportunity for the authors to research and establish the Chinese School of Modern GUANLI Science (CSMGS). Findings It is inevitably necessary to build the combined Chinese–Western discourse system of GUANLI science (CCWDSGS). Some other research results of CSMGS are also presented in this paper. Research limitations/implications It is needless to say that there are still lots of problems in China, including in the GUANLI field. These problems will gradually be solved in China’s reform and development that takes place continuously. New problems will come up while old problems are being solved and settled; problems producing in a loop, problems solving in a loop, this is the dialectics. The authors have full confidence in solving problems, as well as in China’s development and future. Originality/value Practice comes first and then it is followed by theory. The authors first have the “China Model”, followed by the “Chinese School” consequently. The “China Model” has already been there, and the “Chinese School” relies on the author’s proactive research and innovation. It is just the right time for the authors to study and create the CSMGS. This is the historical mission and opportunity awaited by contemporary Chinese.

We need to use the words...

Sometimes it’s important to simply say the words … as it is in the beginning of wisdom that is the definition of terms. When historians look at the world of project management, what will they say that we have said about climate change? Certainly more general—but absolutely legitimate—terms such as ‘sustainability’ have been used, but in a basic term search in the 3 oldest project management journals, I was surprised to see only a few dozen uses of ‘climate change’ as a specific term. Theconversation started a long time ago using those words, and PMRP would like to encourage more with this commentary on one of the central topics of this journal … climate change.

Enriching terminology resources with knowledge-rich contexts

While terminological relations are central in terminology work, they are rarely extensively described in large-scale terminology resources. Knowledge-rich contexts (KRCs) describing relations are commonly used in terminological analysis, but less often displayed to resources’ users, who thus lack information useful for understanding and writing in specialized fields. Using some existing resources, including the prototype resource the CREATerminal, we explore the need for terminology resources that highlight KRCs and terminological relations, potential strategies for integrating these items in resources, and initial user reactions to a KRC-enriched resource. We conclude that a smooth interface between basic term record fields and information on terminological relations in the form of KRCs, as well as easy and multi-faceted access and navigation, will help to create useful and user-friendly terminology resources particularly suited to student translators.

Basic colour terms: comparative results for French and Russian

An experiment is described in which 74 French subjects were asked to list colour terms within a limited time period. Results are compared with those from a similar experiment with Russian subjects. The resulting data are used as a measure of psychological salience to establish which French colour terms are basic. Particular attention is paid to the two possible French terms for brown (marron and brun), and to beige ‘beige’, which may be emerging as an additional basic term. As Russian also has an additional term for blue, both languages are particularly interesting in the light of Berlin and Kay's 1969 model of basic colour term development.