Hypsipyla grandella. [Distribution map].

A new distribution map is provided for Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller). Lepidoptera: Pyralidae. Hosts: Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), American mahogany (S. mahagoni), African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Florida), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Amapa, Amazones, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Para, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela).

Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar).

C. odorata is a large tree up to 40 m tall and 2 m in diameter which produces a light-weight timber. Its natural distribution range is confined to the New World, extending from northern Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean. It is widely planted throughout the tropics and its timber is well known for its use in cigar boxes and a broad range of other products, including musical instruments. It is also occasionally planted for shade and used as an ornamental tree on roadsides and in parks. C. odorata has great potential as a plantation species, due to its fast growing and timber producing characteristics. It is also used as an agroforestry species in cocoa and coffee plantations (Lemmens et al., 1995). C. odorata is highly vulnerable to attack by shoot borers (Hypsipyla spp.), whose larvae damage seedlings and saplings. There is some evidence that infestation can be controlled by planting C.odorata with other species, such as Leucaena leucocephala, Neolamarckia cadamba or (under light shade) with Eucalyptus deglupta (Lemmens et al., 1995).

Natural resistance of wood from three forest species exposed to Pycnoporus sanguineus xylophagous fungus

Wood is subject to degradation by biological agents. Therefore, studies are necessary to ensure its appropriate use, avoid economic losses. The objective of this study was to assess the natural resistance of Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata), yellow ipe (Handroanthus serratifolius) and tauari (Couratari sp.) woods exposed under laboratory conditions to Pycnoporus sanguineus fungus, which causes white rot. The decay test was conducted according to the method defined in the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the intensity of biodeterioration was determined by mass loss of the three test woods and one control wood, pumpwood (Cecropia sp.), which has low natural resistance. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) were used in the analysis of results. The wood species were classified as highly resistant and resistant to P. sanguineus. Yellow ipe was the most resistant species to fungus attack, whereas tauari was the most susceptible.

Mahogany Shoot Borer, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

The mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller), bores in twigs and seed capsules of trees in the mahogany family (Meliaceae), especially mahogany species (Swietenia spp.) and cedro, known also as Spanish-cedar and tropical-cedar (Cedrela spp.). It is an important economic pest and has been the subject of concerted research efforts in several tropical countries. It is the only species of Hypsipyla in Florida, where it is a pest of West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni Jacquin), a native tree that is frequently planted as an ornamental or shade tree in southern Florida. This document is EENY-336, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: December 2004. Revised: January 2005. EENY336/IN613: Mahogany Shoot Borer, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) (ufl.edu)

Morphological variation of Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae): contrast between natural and managed populations

Background and Aims: Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) is a tropical tree native to America with an important international trade market. In this study, the morphological variation of C. odorata was compared among three conditions: logging, plantations, and natural populations, with the objective to evaluate the current condition of managed populations after harvesting and in plantations, in contrast to relatively well-preserved populations.Methods: Two sites were chosen for each condition. The population density and four morphological attributes were measured: diameter at breast height, height, angle of branch insertion and crown form. A multivariate approach was used to compare the morphological variation among conditions (generalized discriminant factors analysis) and determine total variation distributed among size classes (cluster analysis), as well as assignment of these classes to each condition (canonical correspondence analysis).Key results: Four significantly different size classes were identified among all populations with specific association to condition. Strongest correlations were between highest trees with natural populations and small trees with plantations. Forest management, including harvesting and plantation conditions, reduced the phenotypical variation and modified the dasometrical attributes of C. odorata. The logging of the better shaped phenotypes increased the smaller size trees frequency compared to commercial size individuals, and changed the forest composition favoring small categories.Conclusions: The forest exploitation generates homogenization in median height-class and the plantation in lower height-class. In both cases, the harvestable trees are scarce, even after 20 years of management; and they are non-existent in plantations of 15 years. These results suggest that the removal of the highest trees, as well as forest plantations, are not being effective to wood production since they do not reach commercial sizes in the time of recovery or projected growth.

In vitro organogenesis in Albizia guachapele, Cedrella odorata and Swietenia macrophylla (Fabaceae, Meliaceae)

Regeneration of adventitious buds was achieved from hypocotyl explanls of Albizia guachapele (Guayaquil) and Cedrella odorata (Spanish cedar), and from epicotyl explants from Swietenia macrophylla (Honduran Mahogany). Seeds were obtained from CATIE's Latin American Fores! Seed Bank and genninated under aseptic conditions .. Four explants were cultured in each Petri dish on half strength modified Murashige and Skoog basal medium, and five concentrations of BA (benzyladenine) were studied; A. guachapele and S. macrophylla responded positively lo the presence of BA in the culture medium. Otherwise, Cedrella odorata requíred media supplemented with citokinin and auxin combinations lo induce adventitious buds.