Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Spanish Cedar ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract C. odorata is a large tree up to 40 m tall and 2 m in diameter which produces a light-weight timber. Its natural distribution range is confined to the New World, extending from northern Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean. It is widely planted throughout the tropics and its timber is well known for its use in cigar boxes and a broad range of other products, including musical instruments. It is also occasionally planted for shade and used as an ornamental tree on roadsides and in parks. C. odorata has great potential as a plantation species, due to its fast growing and timber producing characteristics. It is also used as an agroforestry species in cocoa and coffee plantations (Lemmens et al., 1995). C. odorata is highly vulnerable to attack by shoot borers (Hypsipyla spp.), whose larvae damage seedlings and saplings. There is some evidence that infestation can be controlled by planting C.odorata with other species, such as Leucaena leucocephala, Neolamarckia cadamba or (under light shade) with Eucalyptus deglupta (Lemmens et al., 1995).

Syzygium cumini (black plum).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Evergreen Tree ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract S. cumini is a large evergreen tree 13 to 30 m tall. It is widely distributed in India, in all except the most arid regions, and its natural distribution probably includes Myanmar, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia and Australia. However, it is widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics (including China, Africa, Brazil, Florida (USA) and the Caribbean).

Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Water Catchment

Abstract E. robusta is a medium to large tree and is capable of rapid early growth in suitable environments. This species has a broad environmental amplitude, and is planted widely outside of Australia in equatorial to cool temperate regions. E. robusta is best known as a plantation species in the Madagascar highlands, but also in the USA (Hawaii, Florida, California) and Central America (Puerto Rico). E. robusta may tolerate adverse conditions and is especially useful on sites subject to prolonged flooding. It is moderately salt-tolerant. This species is often used as a shade tree, an ornamental, in shelter belts and in water catchment rehabilitation. The wood of E. robusta is a good fuel and is commonly used for charcoal production. It is durable and is used in the round for posts and poles. Sawn timber can be used for general construction but requires kiln-seasoning to avoid degradation during drying. It is possible to use E. robusta as a source of pulpwood for paper making but other eucalypts are usually preferred.

scholarly journals Morphological variation of Cedrela odorata (Meliaceae): contrast between natural and managed populations

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce María Galván-Hernández ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Macedo-Villareal ◽  
Francisco Federico Núñez de Cáceres-González ◽  
Arturo Sánchez-González ◽  
Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Height Class ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Spanish Cedar

Background and Aims: Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) is a tropical tree native to America with an important international trade market. In this study, the morphological variation of C. odorata was compared among three conditions: logging, plantations, and natural populations, with the objective to evaluate the current condition of managed populations after harvesting and in plantations, in contrast to relatively well-preserved populations.Methods: Two sites were chosen for each condition. The population density and four morphological attributes were measured: diameter at breast height, height, angle of branch insertion and crown form. A multivariate approach was used to compare the morphological variation among conditions (generalized discriminant factors analysis) and determine total variation distributed among size classes (cluster analysis), as well as assignment of these classes to each condition (canonical correspondence analysis).Key results: Four significantly different size classes were identified among all populations with specific association to condition. Strongest correlations were between highest trees with natural populations and small trees with plantations. Forest management, including harvesting and plantation conditions, reduced the phenotypical variation and modified the dasometrical attributes of C. odorata. The logging of the better shaped phenotypes increased the smaller size trees frequency compared to commercial size individuals, and changed the forest composition favoring small categories.Conclusions: The forest exploitation generates homogenization in median height-class and the plantation in lower height-class. In both cases, the harvestable trees are scarce, even after 20 years of management; and they are non-existent in plantations of 15 years. These results suggest that the removal of the highest trees, as well as forest plantations, are not being effective to wood production since they do not reach commercial sizes in the time of recovery or projected growth. 

Receivers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Bronfman
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Technology ◽  
New Markets ◽  
New Yorker ◽  
Amateur Radio ◽  
The World ◽  
Radio Technology ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The Tropics

Picking up in the early 1920s, this chapter tracks the shift of radio technology from military to commercial uses. It follows linkages among the changing material conditions for Caribbean workers, the radio industry’s search for materials like mica and bakelite, and the generation of new markets. Having placed broadcasting in its ecological and political contexts, the chapter uses the trajectories of two amateur radio operators, John Grinan, a New Yorker/Jamaican son of a plantation owner and a member of the team which produced the first transatlantic wireless signals, and Frank Jones, an American plantation manager in Cuba, famous for his self-promoting shortwave transmissions to recover the world of the tinkerers’ romance with an ether jammed with distant sounds. It traces the creation of audiences and publics for the emerging technology, arguing that radio appealed to listeners not because it shrank distances, but because it underscored them, demarcating the Caribbean as exotic and remote. Ironically, it was the deeper technological connections that would propel the mapping of these imagined boundaries between the “tropics” and “the world.”

Modern and Ancient Sclerospongiae

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard D. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Siliceous Spicules ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Collagenous Fibers ◽  
Warm Temperate

Sclerosponges secrete a basal crystalline and aspicular skeleton of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite, above which lies a thin layer of living tissue which also secretes siliceous spicules and collagenous fibers. The tripartite skeleton of sclerosponges distinguishes them from all other sponges and also from all other multicellular animals, no one of which has an abundant quantity of two disparate minerals helping to make up its skeleton. The cell types and their organization as well as what little is known about their development indicate that the sclerosponges are related to the demosponges. Sclerosponges are inhabitants of shaded crevices, caves and tunnels on coral reefs in both the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific regions. The range of only one species, Merlia normani Kirkpatrick, extends from the tropics into the warm temperate waters of the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Pteris tripartita (giant brake).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Vélez-Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Secondary Vegetation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Basin Wetlands

Abstract Pteris tripartita is a terrestrial fern native to the tropics of the Old Word, introduced to the New World as an ornamental, with records of its being sold in nurseries in Florida (USA) in the 19th century. It is naturalized at scattered localities from Florida to northern South America, including the Caribbean. It is reported as invasive in Cuba and the south of Florida, USA. Its invasiveness in Cuba is due to its high reproductive capacity and its spread into secondary vegetation and cultivated lands in the eastern part of the country. In southern Florida, it is considered as a moderately invasive species, recorded as escaping cultivation in 1928. It is invasive in floodplain wetlands, basin wetlands and mesic uplands, displacing native species. It is not reported as invasive in its native range. It is regarded as a critically endangered species in India.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics control precipitation in NE Mexico on orbital to millennial timescales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Wright ◽  
Kathleen Johnson ◽  
Gabriela Serrato Marks ◽  
David McGee ◽  
Tripti Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Thermodynamic Control ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
The Future ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Regional Rainfall ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract Northern Mexico is projected to become more arid in the future, however the magnitude, timing and spatial extent of precipitation change is presently poorly constrained. To address this, we have developed a multi-proxy (δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca) U-Th dated speleothem record of past rainfall variability spanning 4.6 to 58.5 ka from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Our results demonstrate a dominant thermodynamic control on hydroclimate via changes in Atlantic SSTs. Our record robustly demonstrates this response during major paleoclimate events including the Last Glacial Maximum, the Younger Dryas and Heinrich Stadials 1, 3, 4, and 5. While previous work has suggested the magnitude of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet as the predominant driver of regional rainfall, we utilize a state-of-the-art climate model to isolate cool Atlantic SSTs as the dominant mechanism of drying. We also demonstrate this response is consistent across large parts of Mesoamerica, suggesting drying in the future may be more spatially homogenous than currently predicted.

scholarly journals The Transfer of Core-Based Hazardous Production Processes to the Export Processing Zones of the Periphery: The Maquiladora Centers of Northern Mexico

2003 ◽  
pp. 317-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Frey
Keyword(s):  
Export Processing Zones ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
The Core ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Hazardous Production ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Important Form ◽  
Export Processing

Transnational corporations appropriate 'carrying capacity" for the core by transferring the core's hazardous products, production processes, and wastes to the peripheral countries of the world-system. An increasingly important form of this reproduction process is the transfer of core-based hazardous industries to export processing zones (EPZs) locatedin a number of peripheral countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. A specific case is examined in this paper: the transfer of hazardous industries to the maquiladora centers located on the Mexican side of the Mexico-U.S. border. Maquiladoras provide an excellent case for examining what is known about the causes, adverse consequences, and political responses associated with the transfer of core-based hazardous production processes to the EPZs of the periphery.

scholarly journals PRECODEPA: A MULTI-COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO IMPROVE THE RESEARCH-EXTENSION INTERFACE FOR POTATO PRODUCTION IN THE TROPICS

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 724C-724
Author(s):  
Alvaro del Cid ◽  
Ramiro Ortiz ◽  
H.R. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
North Central ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Extension Work ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Training Of Personnel ◽  
Unique Program

PRECODEPA was formed with the purpose of coordinating research and extension to improve small-farm potato production. The program involves 9 countries in North, Central America and the Caribbean with the cooperation of the International Potato Center (CIP). Research and extension work was planed based on identified bottlenecks. Work was coordinated when similar bottlenecks were identified in different regions and/or countries. The project strategies emphasized the following: training of personnel to coordinate the work between extension and research; development of integrated pest management (IPM) practices; technology generation and validation trials on farmers' fields, and market development for commercialization purposes. The success of this unique program should serve as a model for similar agricultural projects in the future.

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