Ground-level atmospheric electricity of mid-latitude Nimbostratus and Stratus cloud at Swider station, Poland

<p>We present main results of our analysis of the ground-level atmospheric electricity under  Nimbostratus and Stratus clouds at mid-latitude Geophysical Observatory in Swider. Atmospheric electricity data from the Geophysical Observatory in Swider was analysed according to the calculation scheme allowing to obtain the main components of the current density in such conditions, i.e. conduction current density and precipitation or convection current, based on the basic measured parameters: electric field, Maxwell current density and total air conductivity. The atmospheric electric field and conduction current is more likely downward under Stratus cloud as is the precipitation or convection current. The electric field under Nimbostratus during snow at the ground is downward and during rain is upward and sometimes also upward precipitation current occurs during heavier rain. Mean values of electric field, conductivity, conduction and precipitation current have been obtained and an average mean current budget was calculated. Another analysis concerns the dependence of precipitation current density on the electric field at the Earth's surface in the conditions of Nimbostratus with continuous, stable precipitation, in historical cases reported as linear. The dependence of the linear regression coefficients on the value of electrical conductivity of the air was particularly investigated from the angle of the theoretical results of the work of Ette and Oladiran (1980).</p>

Steady-State Conduction Current Performance for Multilayer Polyimide/SiO2 Films

The steady-state electrical conduction current for single and multilayer polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films was observed at the low and high electric field for different temperatures. Experimental data were fitted to conduction models to investigate the dominant conduction mechanism in these films. In most films, space charge limited current (SCLC) and Poole–Frenkel current displayed dominant conduction. At a high electric field, the ohmic conduction was replaced by current–voltage dependency. Higher conduction current was observed for nanocomposite films at a lower temperature, but it declined at a higher temperature. PI nanocomposite multilayer films showed a huge reduction in the conduction current at higher electric fields and temperatures. The conclusions derived in this study would provide the empirical basis and early breakdown phenomenon explanation when performing dielectric strength and partial discharge measurements of PI-based nanocomposite insulation systems of electric motors.

Радиометрический метод контроля токов утечки в диэлектриках

A new experimental method for leakage current (conduction current) measurements in dielectrics, based on an analysis of the dynamics of temperature changes of the sample under the action of an electric field is proposed. A new non-contact photodiode IR-temperature sensor carries out high accuracy and high speed monitoring of the sample temperature response. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated on samples of 0.65 PbFe2/3W1/3O3-0.35 PbTiO3 (PFW-PT) ceramic, for which the experimental dependence of conductivity was obtained in a wide temperature range from 20 to 110 ° C.

A new perspective on driving current density

This article discusses alternative and complementary proposals to j.C.Maxwell’s laws of classical electromagnetism, based on certain hypotheses, hypothetical examples and calculations, with results that may infer new interpretations about the physical phenomenon conduction current density. These new interpretations bring a new understanding to the dynamics of Gauss’s Law, and, being true, make the Amperre-Maxwell Law totally symmetrical to the faraday-lenz-maxwell law, without any mathematical or physical inconsistency. These understandings inevitably bring implications and points of view complementary to the classical theory of electromagnetism.