Analysis of human object lifting operation force using power assist device

We carry various objects at the work site. At that time, you may have a heavy object, which requires muscular strength. However, setting such restrictions reduces the number of people who can participate in the work. Therefore, I think that it can be improved by using a power assist device. However, the power assist device has a problem in operability. When we use an assist device to lift an object, we feel sensation different than usual. At that time, we can feel discomfort and unstable. Analyze what kind of operation is performed when a person feels uncomfortable. For that purpose, we set a weight and some lifting conditions and conducted an experiment.

Linearization constraints on sentential negation in Russian Sign Language are prosodic

This squib documents exceptions to the main strategy of expressing sentential negation in Russian Sign Language (RSL). The postverbal sentential negation particle in RSL inverts the basic SVO order characteristic of the language turning it into SOV (Pasalskaya 2018a). We show that this reversal requirement under negation is not absolute and does not apply to prosodically heavy object NPs. The resulting picture accords well with the view of RSL word order laid out by Kimmelman (2012) and supports a model of grammar where syntactic computation has access to phonological information (Kremers 2014; Bruening 2019).

Wearing Acceptability of Chemical Protective Clothing during Fire Training

The aim of this study was to investigate the wearing acceptability of chemical protective clothing during fires and to provide basic data for the safety of firefighters. The results of the study were as follows: Wearer acceptabilities of chemical protective clothing under static movement (e.g., looking at the ceiling with maximum head bending, wrapping one’s arms around oneself, sitting obliquely on the floor, and maintaining a crouching position) were 21.7%–47.8% lower than those of general uniforms. When wearing chemical protective suits, the acceptability under static movement was statistically low (p < .001). Wearer acceptabilities of chemical protective clothing under dynamic movement (e.g., running, lifting a heavy object (20 kg) up to the waist, lifting and moving a heavy object (20 kg) by 1 m, lifting a stretcher and walking forward, and lifting a stretcher and walking backward) were 19.2%–47.8% lower than those of general uniforms. When wearing chemical protective suits, the acceptability under dynamic movement was also statistically low (p < .001).

Postural habits in adolescents: the influence of a school physiotherapy program on improving the knowledge of postures

BackgroundSchool physiotherapy programs can promote an increase in health literacy promoting healthier postural habits. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of this program in improving the theoretical-practical ergonomic knowledge about postures in adolescents and to verify the postural habits adopted.MethodsThe sample comprised 206 students, 109 (52.9%) being boys, aged 12–19 years old. The measurement instruments included a theoretical-practical test and a scale. The intervention program included one session lasting 90 min, using both theoretical and practical approaches.ResultsThe mean values obtained on the theoretical-practical test before and after the 1-month period were 9.14 ± 2.51 and 13.05 ± 1.41, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). One hundred and ninety-nine (96.6%) students sat with the spine wrongly positioned, 197 (95.6%) students used mobile phones with a cervical flexion, and 165 (80.1%) lifted a heavy object from the floor incorrectly.ConclusionsThis data revealed that a school physiotherapy program improves ergonomic knowledge in adolescents.

SEMANTICS OF PRESSURE IN PONDEROUS ADJECTIVES

An attempt to apply the method of prototype-situational analysis to the development of adjective semantics is made in the article. It is noted that the referent points of prototype situation are the basis for the development of metaphorical values. Linguistic pressure markers in prototype and non-prototype situations have been identified. We believe that action is the centre of situation. Ponderous situations determine the characteristics of an object by weight in situations related to a particular action. A prototype situation – a cognitive model of situation that is associated with the basic value of a language unit. For the analysis of characteristic vocabulary, the prototype is considered to be the situation related to perceptual processes, i.e. a situation that is built around a specific subject of perception – a person, a specific action – a physical act of manipulation of object, a specific object, characteristic of which becomes fundamental for the purpose of cognitive process. The analysis of verbatives, around which the ponderous feature of the object of action may develop, gives reason to distinguish 2 types of prototype situations for the weight characteristic of object: 1) PULL; 2) HOLD/CARRY. The “pressure” component will manifest itself in the situation of the second type. The most explicit linguistic representative of the cognitive sign of “difficult / heavy” of the situation HOLD / CARRY (SHOULDER-HIGH) is the sentence “A man holds / carries a difficult object on his shoulders”. The logical reproduction of the situation HOLD / CARRY (SHOULDER-HIGH) reveals a cognitive reference point specific to that situation, which actualises the characterization of the heavy object as “pressing”. The linguistic markers of pressure in the analyzed situations are: verbalization of the component by means of lexeme token for the designation of pressure; emphasizing the physical and physiological processes that occur during the process of manipulating a heavy object; aspects of physical qualities of the subject; manifestation of the physical state of fatigue and the like. The metaphorical situation of pressure is embodied in language in two models: “something heavy is localized to a person and presses him down” and “something heavy presses a certain organ of a person, hindering his life.” There are clear markers in the language for objectifying the sense of pressure, which include, first of all, variants of recruitment for the designation of the action “to be localized on a person”, the prefix “on”, which affirms the localization of the object of appraisal from above the subject of description, definition of pressure objects, an indication of a change in the position of parts of a human body or body as a result of the action of a metaphorized “heavy” object. The feature “difficult / heavy” is accentuated by the comparison of the objects’ description with the subject prototypes.