Carotid-Axillary Bypass and Debridement for a Mycotic Aneurysm of the Left Subclavian Artery

Mycotic subclavian aneurysms are rare, and their presence typically mandates urgent repair due to the associated high risk of rupture and mortality. A multi-disciplinary team effort is of utmost importance in ensuring favorable results. In this case report, we present a 79-year-old male with a rapidly enlarging mycotic left subclavian artery aneurysm secondary to a retrosternal abscess and left sternoclavicular septic arthritis, who underwent aneurysmal exclusion, a left carotid-left axillary bypass and pectoralis muscle flap coverage with a good outcome.

An unusual presentation of mycotic aneurysm of popliteal artery and the challenges faced: a case report

Mycotic aneurysm of popliteal artery is a very rare condition, most commonly caused by gram positive organisms. This term was coined by William Osler describing aneurysms associated with bacterial endocarditis. Though cases of peripheral vessel mycotic aneurysm are very rare, it is a dangerous condition as it can go for rupture/ thrombosis. The treatment of choice is resection and revascularization, preferably by using autologous vein graft along with antibiotics. A 35-year-old female who presented with features of cerebrovascular accident, during the course of stay was diagnosed to have mycotic aneurysm of the left popliteal artery. We describe the clinical course, investigation findings and challenges faced in management of the case.

Unusual Intracranial Manifestation of Infective Endocarditis

Objective: The mycotic aneurysm is a rare intracranial pathology seen with pre-existing infective endocarditis. It has a high mortality rate due to its risk of rupture and needs early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A 23-year male patient who presented with infective endocarditis subsequently developed a left parietal-temporal intracranial haemorrhage with suspicion of aneurysm after the course of antibiotic treatment as seen on Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) revealed a ruptured fusosaccular aneurysm in the distal parietal branches of the left Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA), for which glue embolization of the distal parent artery and aneurysm was done. Result: The interventional endovascular procedure was done with complete obliteration of the distal parent artery, mycotic aneurysm, and normal filling of the left internal cerebral artery (ICA) branches. Conclusion: Mycotic intracranial aneurysms (MIA) are a rare form of cerebrovascular pathology which needs early diagnosis with endovascular intervention when rupture occurs.

Can Chronic Anti-Tumor Necrosing Factor Therapy and Colic Polyps Overwhelm a Normal Functioning Mitral Valve? A Case Report of An Endocarditis Complicated By A Ruptured Intracranial Mycotic Aneurysm

Background Rapid identification of endocarditis is challenging but also an important opportunity to change disease course. This is especially true when immunosuppression undermines diagnosis by mitigating symptoms that commonly accompany infectious disease, sometimes in the absence of predisposing heart valve disease as in this case presented here. Case summary A middle-aged man with chronic etanercept treatment for ankylosing spondylitis, with previously well-documented normal cardiac valves, presented with afebrile chills, night sweating, weight loss, and a new mitral regurgitation at auscultation. This Streptococcus bovis-related endocarditis, in the presence of benign colic polyps, rapidly became complicated by a ruptured infectious intracranial mycotic aneurysm. The patient was successfully cured by endovascular embolisation. Severe mitral regurgitation required an uneventful mitral annuloplasty 1 month thereafter. Discussion Immunosuppression from etanercept treatment was likely responsible for this unspecific clinical presentation and potentially devastating intracranial mycotic aneurysm. This complication is infrequently reported within 6 months of anti-tumor necrosing factor therapy initiation but occurred after more than 11 years of therapy in our patient. This case is a timely reminder of the clinical challenges of endocarditis in immunosuppressed patients and highlights a potential long-term complication of etanercept.

Surgical treatment of ruptured right middle cerebral artery mycotic aneurysm and central nervous system aspergillosis: Clinical case and literature review

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is more often met in patients with expressed immune suppression. Still, in 50% of cases of meningitis caused by Aspergillus spp., it is observed in patients without expressed immune suppression. The prognosis of CNS aspergillosis is unfavorable with the general rate of lethality around 70%. Case Description: Clinical case of a 58-year-old man who developed an Aspergillus abscess in the chiasmosellar region and an associated mycotic aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and intracerebral hemorrhage. Microsurgical clipping of the fusiform-ectatic aneurysm of the right MCA in the conditions of rupture was performed. An extra-intracranial micro anastomosis was formed on the right. An open biopsy of the neoplasm in the chiasmosellar region was made. The neoplasm was yellow and destroyed the bone plate of the skull base. Biopsy results: Mycotic lesion (aspergillosis). The analysis of surgical treatment for mycotic aneurysms in the acute period of hemorrhage in patients with aspergillosis revealed a high rate of lethality. The issue of the feasibility and effectiveness of complicated revascularization interventions in the patients with hemorrhage and aspergillosis remains unsolved. Conclusion: The lack of generally accepted tactics of the treatment of this pathology requires further studies and systemic analysis. A high risk of the lethal outcome in patients with invasive mycotic infection and rupture of mycotic aneurysm highlight the importance of timely diagnostics and the beginning of antimycotic therapy. WThe issue of the evaluation of the revascularization methods effectiveness in patients after surgical treatment of a mycotic aneurysm associated with cerebral aspergillosis remains poor.