Russian Vision of the Problems and Prospects of the International Legal Framework in the Context of Small Modular Reactors and Transportable Nuclear Power Units

Small modular reactors (SMRs) could be key to providing developing regions with clean and affordable (and cost-effective) electricity. Deployment of SMRs requires a transparent and balanced legal framework that will define the specifics and boundaries of shared responsibility between the host and supplier country, especially in the case of innovative floating SMR projects. Legal experience in nuclear-powered vessels and nuclear installations can be used in the development of regulatory approaches for floating SMRs. This chapter provides an analysis of the applicability of the existing international conventions, including the 1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, the IAEA safeguards agreements, and civil liability instruments, to the floating SMRs. In addition, some considerations for the future development of the legal framework for floating SMRs are proposed.

Demand and Electricity Energy Mix in Indonesia 2030 with Small Modular Reactor Nuclear Power Plant and Renewable Energy Scenario

The interest in small modular reactors worldwide has been increasing due to flexibility in the power generation for more comprehensive users and applications. Small Modular Reactors or SMRs can be the primary choice for Indonesia provided with the geographical condition, which consists of many islands and is more flexible in construction compared to the conventional nuclear power plant. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview projection of demand and energy mix of electrical in Indonesia 2030 with SMRs NPP in the energy mix referring to RUPTL or General Plan of Electricity Supply Indonesia. Using the end-use model, which is total electricity consumption for each electricity sector, it can be calculated how much electricity demand is from these sectors. The scenario uses RUPTL, roadmap from Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry references, and policy of no coal power plant added from 2020 onwards. The results show in 2030, Indonesia needs 577,016.2 GWh of electricity, where the household and industry sectors have the highest electricity needs, which is 44% for the household sector and 31% for the industry. The transformation projection in PLTGU or Combined Cycle Power Plants scenario also shows that without replacing the power plant, renewable along without SMRs only had ±7.49% of the total capacity mix, and the second scenario with SMRs shows that renewable energy share had 16.07%.

The H2020 McSAFER Project: Main Goals, Technical Work Program, and Status

This paper describes the main objectives, technical content, and status of the H2020 project entitled “High-performance advanced methods and experimental investigations for the safety evaluation of generic Small Modular Reactors (McSAFER)”. The main pillars of this project are the combination of safety-relevant thermal hydraulic experiments and numerical simulations of different approaches for safety evaluations of light water-cooled Small Modular Reactors (SMR). It describes the goals, the consortium, and the involved thermal hydraulic test facilities, e.g., the COSMOS-H (KIT), HWAT (KTH), and MOTEL (LUT), including the experimental programs. It also outlines the different safety assessment methodologies applied to four different SMR-designs, namely the CAREM (CNEA), SMART (KAERI), F-SMR (CEA), and NuScale. These methodologies are multiscale thermal hydraulics, conventional, low order, and high fidelity neutron physical methods used to demonstrate the inherent safety features of SMR-core designs under postulated design-basis-accident conditions. Finally, the status of the investigations is shortly discussed followed by the dissemination activities and an outlook.

Nuclear Micro Power Reactor: The New Generation of Innovative Small Reactors

This short communication gives an overall account of small modular reactors and then walks through the nuclear micro reactors as the next generation of small modular reactors, which is the next wave of innovation for these SMRs. These next wave ride on the fact that future nuclear reactors are getting smaller and modular as well transportable. In this paper we are covering a summary and overall aspect of Generation IV (GEN-IV) or they are also known as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as well. In this book, we also, cover Nuclear Micro Reactor and its need and implementation within Department of Defense (DOD) military organizations.