Effects of a Therapeutic Interchange Between Branded and Generic Inhaled Therapy on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective To evaluate the difference in the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations six months preconversion compared with six months postconversion from the branded inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta 2-agonist inhalers to the generic fluticasone/salmeterol inhalers. Design Retrospective cohort study using a six-month pre-/post-test design Setting Three primary care offices within a Management Service Organization (MSO) in South Florida. Patients, Participants Patients were included in the study if they had a diagnosis of COPD (in electronic medical record [EMR]), were at least 18 years of age, were under the care of a provider at one of the three primary care clinics within an MSO, and were switched from a branded ICS/LABA inhaler to a generic ICS/LABA inhaler between May 2019 and February 2020. This study included a total of 22 patients. Interventions Not applicable; this was a retrospective chart review. Main Outcome Measure The prevalence of COPD exacerbations leading to hospitalizations, emergency room visits, urgent care visits, or clinic visits. Results In this study, 10 (45.5%) patients experienced at least one exacerbation while on generic inhaler therapy compared with four (18.2%) patients while on branded inhaler therapy (P = 0.05). Those on a generic inhaler were 3.8 times more likely to have a COPD exacerbation. Conclusion While changing patients from branded to generic inhalers may be appealing because of the potential benefits in cost-reduction, the results of this study conclude that the inhaler switch may lead to increased exacerbations. Prescribers need to be aware of potential complications that may be related to a therapeutic interchange.

Patient views of therapeutic interchange of ACE inhibitors in Australian primary care: a qualitative study

ObjectivesIn Australia, therapeutic interchange of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors could generate savings for patients and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). The PBS subsidises nine drugs in the ACE inhibitor class. These drugs are therapeutically equivalent, but the price varies between each drug. Patients are key players in successful therapeutic interchange programmes, but little is known about their views. This study aims to explore patient views of therapeutic interchange of ACE inhibitors in Australian primary care.DesignQualitative exploratory research study using semi-structured interviews, asking participants about therapeutic interchange and their attitude towards hypothetically switching ACE inhibitors. Data were analysed thematically.SettingAustralian primary care.ParticipantsFourteen adults in Australia currently taking an ACE inhibitor, recruited via general practices and pharmacies, social media and professional networks.FindingsFive key themes were identified: participants’ limited understanding of medication; the expectation that a new drug would be ‘the same’; the view that choice, convenience and fear of change outweigh the cost; altruism; and trust in health professionals, particularly participants’ own general practitioner (GP).ConclusionsPatients’ limited understanding of medication changes poses a barrier to therapeutic interchange. Clinicians should explore patients’ understanding and expectations of therapeutic interchange. Counselling from trusted health professionals, particularly GPs, could ameliorate concerns. Policymakers implementing therapeutic interchange programmes should ensure a trusted GP directs medication changes.

A successful model of biosimilar adoption in a community oncology practice.

6514 Background: The emergence of biosimilars creates an opportunity for more cost-effective treatment. Utilization of biologics in cancer care has increased and accounts for 70% of oncologic drug spending growth from 2010 to 2015. Biosimilars can play a vital role in controlling this rapid rise in cost. Practices focused on Value Based Care arrangements, such as the Oncology Care Model, can reduce total cost of care by increasing utilization of biosimilars. The process of interchange is complicated by the designation of each biosimilar which prevents simple interchange. Communication with physicians and the healthcare team along with patient education and consent must be performed. We describe a successful model for therapeutic interchange of brand drugs to biosimilars. Methods: Texas Oncology elected to increase utilization of biosimilars in 2020. We collaborated with McKesson Specialty Health to create educational materials for patients and clinical staff. Communication was sent to all personnel about the therapeutic interchange process. A central pharmacy team reviewed all new orders and substituted a biosimilar for brand, unless a payer insisted on origin drug or a biosimilar not in the practice formulary. Additionally, a report was generated weekly of all existing patients who would benefit from switching. The pharmacists, upon consultation with the physician, then substituted a biosimilar for brand drug. Patients were then educated and re-consented. We started with rituximab in 07/2020 followed by bevacizumab in 09/2020 then trastuzumab in 10/2020. Results: The table below shows our conversion rate for all administrations. We were able to increase utilization of biosimilars from January of 2020 to December of 2020 from 5% to 80% for Rituximab, 9% to 88% for bevacizumab and 8% to 74% for trastuzumab. Based on average ASP for a 70 kg patient, the potential savings per administration is $550 for bevacizumab, $850 for trastuzumab, and $1400 for rituximab. In one month alone, this project dramatically reduced cost by $4 million or 21% by conversion to these three biosimilars. Additional savings can be realized with the use of biosimilar multi-dose vials vs single dose vials. Conclusions: Our comprehensive team approach successfully deploys therapeutic interchange of biosimilars for brand drugs in a community oncology practice which leads to substantial cost savings. This has real implications in controlling the total cost of care.[Table: see text]

Availability and Use of Therapeutic Interchange Policies in Managing Antimicrobial Shortages among South African Public Sector Hospitals; Findings and Implications

Background: Therapeutic interchange policies in hospitals are useful in dealing with antimicrobial shortages and minimising resistance rates. The extent of antimicrobial shortages and availability of therapeutic interchange policies is unknown among public sector hospitals in South Africa. This study aimed to ascertain the extent of and rationale for dealing with antimicrobial shortages, describe policies or guidelines available, and the role of pharmacists in the process. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive study was conducted with a target population of 403 public sector hospitals. Data were collected from hospital pharmacists using an electronic questionnaire via SurveyMonkeyTM. Results: The response rate was 33.5% and most (83.3%) hospitals had experienced shortages in the previous six months. Antimicrobials commonly reported as out of stock included cloxacillin (54.3%), benzathine benzylpenicillin (54.2%), and erythromycin (39.6%). Reasons for shortages included pharmaceutical companies with supply constraints (85.3%) and an inefficient supply system. Only 42.4% had therapeutic interchange policies, and 88.9% contacted the prescriber, when present, for substitution. Conclusions: Antimicrobial shortages are prevalent in South African public sector hospitals with the most affected being penicillins and cephalosporins. Therapeutic interchange policies are not available at most hospitals. Effective strategies are required to improve communication between pharmacists and prescribers to ensure that safe, appropriate, and therapeutically equivalent alternatives are available.