A Multilevel Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Childbearing in Malawi

Although teenage pregnancy and childbearing has declined throughout sub-Saharan Africa, the recent increase in teenage pregnancy in countries such as Malawi has prompted interest from social researchers. Using Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) data from 2004 to 2015, this study employs multilevel logistic regression to examine the magnitude of change over time in risk and protective factors for teenage childbearing. During this period, teenage childbearing declined from 36.1% (C.I.: 31.5–36.7) in 2004 to 25.6% (C.I.: 24.0–27.3) in 2010 before increasing to 29.0% (C.I.: 27.4–30.7) in 2015. Age and being married (compared to never married) were consistently significantly associated with increased odds of teenage childbearing. However, delaying sexual debut, attaining secondary education, belonging to the richest quintile and rural residence offered protective effects against early motherhood, while Muslim affiliation (compared to Christian denominations) was associated with increased likelihood of teenage childbearing among adolescents. Teenage childbearing remains high in the country, largely influenced by adolescents’ early sexual debut and child marriage—risk factors that have hardly changed over time. While individual socioeconomic predictors are useful in explaining the apparent high risk of adolescent fertility among specific subgroups in Malawi, sustained declines in teenage childbearing were not evident at district level.

Regional Variations and the Risk Factors Among Teenager Childbearing in Ethiopia an Evidences From Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2016

Background: Childbearing is a teenage girl usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming fertile. Teenage childbearing and the consequences associated with it remain a major concern worldwide. In Sub-Saharan African countries like Ethiopia, teenage childbearing rates have high compared to the rest of the world. The study assessed risk-factors and regional-variations among teenage childbearing in Ethiopia.Method: The data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A two-stage cluster sampling design was applied to select the sample. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess' the risk-factors and regional-variation among teenage childbearing in Ethiopia.Results: In this study, 3498 teenagers from nine regional states and two administrative cities in Ethiopia were included. Over 10% of teenagers have been born children at the time of data collection. Shortage of education, poor-wealth index, knowing ovulatory cycle, non-usage of contraceptive-method, and non-exposure to media found to be determinants of teenager childbearing in Ethiopia. Conclusions: The incidence of teenage childbearing is high in Ethiopia then the concerned bodies provide awareness to the society on the risk of early pregnancy, encourage education, expand mass media and give special attention to poor and middle-income teenagers.

Secondary Schools and Teenage Childbearing: Evidence from the School Expansion in Brazilian Municipalities

This article investigates the effect that increasing secondary education opportunities have on teenage fertility in Brazil. Using a novel dataset to exploit variation from a 57 percent increase in secondary schools across 4,884 Brazilian municipalities between 1997 and 2009, the analysis shows an important role of secondary school availability on underage fertility. An increase of one school per 100 females reduces a cohort's teenage birthrate by between 0.250 and 0.563 births per 100, or a reduction of one birth for roughly every 50 to 100 students who enroll in secondary education. The results highlight the important role of access to education leading to spillovers in addition to improving educational attainment.

FERTILITAS REMAJA DI INDONESIA: HUBUNGAN ANTARA MELAHIRKAN PADA USIA REMAJA DAN CAPAIAN PENDIDIKAN WANITA

Adolescent fertility has become concerns at both national and international levels. The government of Indonesia views pregnancy and teenage childbearing as a problem that must be overcome. Giving birth in adolescence can lead to low levels of education. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between adolescent fertility which is teenage childbearing and women’s educational attainment in Indonesia. The data source used is the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. Based on IDHS 2017, among women who have given birth. Around 31.5% of women gave birth for the first time before the age of 20. Of those, 3.8% gave birth out of wedlock, and 9.8% gave birth after postconception marriage. By using the instrumental variable (IV) method, the results of the study show that there is a negative association between giving birth in adolescent and women’s educational attainment. After controlling for individual and community/environmental characteristics, women who experienced first birth during their adolescence have 3.5 years of education lower than women who give birth for the first time at the age of 20 years and above.

The effects of teenage childbearing on education, physical health, and mental distress: evidence from Mexico

This paper estimates the effects of teenage childbearing on education, working, physical and mental health, and physical activity of young girls in Mexico using two waves of the nationally representative Mexican Family Life Survey. We employ a propensity score matching model that accounts for a rich set of baseline covariates that predict teenage childbearing to attempt to reduce the bias due to confounding variables associated with teenage childbearing. The results demonstrate that teenage childbearing is associated with an increase in the probability of being overweight, and reductions in physical activity and the probability of high school completion. Moreover, the results are consistent when we employ sibling fixed effects to account for unobservable family background.