Polarisasi etnis dan potensi konflik dalam kebijakan pencetakan sawah baru: Sebuah kajian kepustakaan

This study aims to analyse the implementation of new rice field plan policies in Indonesia and their impacts on population and ethnic composition in new rice field locations. This research is conducted by applying a literature review method. It is shown that the implementation of the policies had two major implications. Firstly, it creates assimilation opportunities through collaboration between ethnic migrants and local ethnic groups to work on or cultivate new rice fields. Secondly, the great flows of transmigrants that move to the new rice field locations trigger ethnic polarization, which is prone to cause inter-ethnic conflict. In the future, potential problems associated with the provision of new rice fields are available are the risk of having aging population. The aging population indicates a decrease in productive labor that may also affect on decreasing attractiveness of the rice fields to the younger generation. This situation can lead to the re-involvement of older generation in managing the new rice fields. However, it can raise a new concern on their ability to improve the rice fields’ productivity or, even worse, the new rice fields might be neglected or be sold.

Komposisi jenis kelamin anak, program Keluarga Berencana dan fertilitas

The number and sex composition of children are important for some married couples in Indonesia. Having sons in the family is considered as a must since they are argued to be the successor of the family lineage. The presence of daughters is expected to help with household chores and care for their elderly parents. The sex preference for children by the married couples can affect their number of children. This study aims to assess the relationship between the number and sex composition of children, contraceptive use, and the desire to have more children among women in Indonesia. The study employed the data from the 2017 Indonesian Demography and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit of analysis of currently married women aged 15-49 who have at least one living children. The results show that women with two or more children of the same sex had a higher tendency to have additional children and no use of contraceptives. The Family Planning program's campaign of similar values shared between son and daughter is still hardly accepted, hence, sex preference still exists. It is necessary to reformulate an effective concept for proper socialization of these values as an effort to control the fertility rate in Indonesia.

Faktor-Faktor yang memengaruhi pernikahan dini di Indonesia

One of the social problems that existed in Indonesia is high rates of early marriage or child marriage. Based on its absolute number, Indonesian has been one of top ten country with the highest number of child marriage all over the world. Early marriage is defined as a marital union by women under 16 years old. Many factors affect early marriage, such as education factor, economy factor, and culture factor. Furthermore, early marriage may have effects on deteriorating physical and psychological health, low educational attainment, and increasing risk of domestic violence. By utilising 2017 IDHS dataset, this study aims to examine the determinants of early marriage in Indonesia. This study applies binary logistic regression method for the data analysis. The results of this study show that variables significantly affect the status of early marriage are marital status at the first sexual intercourse, residential type, partner’s working status, women’s education, and partner’s education. Moreover, variables that do not significantly affect the status of early marriage are women’s working status, wealth index, and interaction between women’s education and wealth index.

Pola pengasuhan 1.000 hari pertama kehidupan dan status gizi anak bawah dua tahun (baduta) di Kota Medan

Health problems in the first 1000 days of life have short- and long-term consequences for children under the age of two years. This study examines how the childcare pattern during the first 1000 days of life affects the nutrition status of children under two in Medan City. This study is conducted by using mixed methods approach. A survey was performed to collect quantitative data of 400 households in 20 urban villages, whereas in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to collect qualitative data. In this study, childcare during the first 1000 days of life includes colostrum feeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. The study’s findings show that mothers’ education level is significantly associated to their knowledge of colostrum's benefit. Support from health providers and room-in policy needs to be improved to increase early initiation breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding. Additionally, mothers have even more variety of complementary feeding for children aged 6–24 months due to cultural practices and tradition. Thus, improving children under two’s nutrition status requires comprehensive health promotion by considering sociocultural factors and evaluating the implementation of policies that support early initiation breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding practices.

Perlambatan migrasi sirkuler: Penilaian terhadap perubahan pola migrasi sirkuler di pedesaan Jawa Barat

Circular migration has become a well-established institution for rural dwellers in Java. For farmers or unskilled rural workers, informal sectors, construction, or small trade in urban areas provide an adequate working opportunity and, at the same time, a relatively higher wage compared to the agricultural sector. It is frequently argued that migration could reduce poverty in rural areas. Although many harsh critics had been addressed to such arguments, there was relatively little attention given to the dynamics of circular migration itself, as most studies tend to argue that these activities are a constant phenomenon. Based on a comparative survey conducted in Tegal Nduwur Village in 2010 and 2020, this study finds that the rate of circular migration among farmers has significantly decreased. Better market opportunities and deindustrialisation, combined with a shifting development paradigm toward decentralisation since 1999, have gradually improved the village’s infrastructure. Under such conditions, the agroecosystem has been transformed from a slow to a fast one. The fast agroecosystem has yielded a more promising outcome for farmers’ household economy and absorbed many labor forces, i.e., people who previously migrated to various cities. This condition has decelerated the circular migration flows.

Determinan perempuan bekerja di Jawa Barat

This study aims to determine the characteristics of female labor force, women’s main employment, and the individual and contextual factors that influence those two situations in West Java Province. The data sources used for this study are National Social-Economic Survey on March 2018 as well as publications on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Statistics of Education. This study applies three-levels binary logistics (individual, household, and city/regency) for data analysis. The independent variables that significantly affects women’s employment status are age, education, marital status, household per capita expenditure, number of non-productive household members, household members, sex ratio, residence status, GDP per capita, agricultural contribution to GDP, and mean years schooling. However, access to information does not significantly influence the working status of women. This paper indicates that education is the primary determinant factor in regard to women’s participation in labor force. Education is suggested to improve women’s skills and knowledge that resulted in the advancement of the quality of female labors.

Formalisasi sektor informal: Proses, faktor pengaruh, dan dampak pada pelaku usaha sektor informal di Kota Palembang

This study aims to examine the process of formalizing informal sector through an analysis of characteristics of informal and formal sectors, factors affecting the formalization process, and its impact on informal sector actors in Palembang City. This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential explanatory designs. Quantitative data collection are conducted through survey, while qualitative data are gathered through in-depth interviews. Informants for this study are informal business actor who stayed in Palembang and have run their business for at least 1 year. Quantitative data analysis using Chi-square test and descriptive frequencies, while qualitative data analysis uses three stages, namely, reduction, display, and conclusion. The formalization process can be classified into three stages, namely the informal, transition, and formal stages. Most informal business actors in Palembang are still at the informal stage. The process of formalizing the informal sector in Palembang does not occur systematically, but rather with random or up and down patterns. The results also shows that the process of formalization of the informal sector is largely based on the initiative of business actors. In addition, informal businesses that have undergone a formalization process tend to have better income and business security.

DAMPAK PEMINDAHAN IBU KOTA NEGARA TERHADAP PENDUDUK DAN KETENAGAKERJAAN DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

The plan to relocate the Indonesian capital as set out in the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) to East Kalimantan Province will start in 2024. During the process, the government also plans to move central civil servants to the new capital. The planned relocation of the capital city impacts all central civil servants located in DKI Jakarta and surrounding areas. This research used secondary data sources as a basis for population and employment projections. From the results obtained, West Java's population will continue to grow during the growth rate decline. The relocation plan will directly impact the West Java population, but the effect tends to be less significant given the small number of central civil servants located in west java compared to West Java's population as a whole. The relocation plan will impact social environment conditions, economic activity, and the environment in surrounding areas.

MIGRASI ORANG TUA DAN KOGNITIF ANAK: ANALISIS DATA IFLS 2007 DAN 2014

Study about migration commonly focuses on the migrants themselves. However, some studies showed that migration also has economic and social impacts on their families, including their children. Cognitive ability is one of the fundamental aspects of child human capital development. This research aims to study the effect of parental migration on children's cognitive ability. This study employs longitudinal data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014 analysed using the Pooled Least Square method and Instrumental Variable Two-Step Least Square (IV 2SLS). Descriptive results show a decline in the average cognitive score of children aged 14-25 years. Moreover, there were no significant differences in cognitive scores between children of migrant parents and non-migrant parents. Inferential results also found that parental migration did not significantly affect children's cognitive ability. Children's cognition is influenced by other characteristics such as age, sex, years of schooling, mother's education, per capita education expenditure, and area of residence.

PROSPEK MEGA-DEMOGRAFI MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045

The Digital revolution has gone hand in hand with the demographic revolution, featuring the future of Indonesia and the world. Everything will change unimaginably. However, this paper attempts to imagine what may happen demographically in the path toward 2045 Golden Indonesia. Triggered with the COVID-19 pandemic, this digital revolution will bring the second demographic revolution, indicating drastic changes in population mobility patterns, especially on the emergence of voluntary immobility and virtual mobility. People will go nowhere but be everywhere. The next demographic change is the trend toward de-mega-urbanisation; followed by one on fertility—on fertility below replacement level and politics of fertility; mortality-on healthy lifestyle; and family-on super-extended family, re-definition of older people, and "serabutan" job. This paper is closed with a comparison of "population problems" in the 1960s/1970s and population challenges and opportunities toward 2045.