Research on Network Model of Dentate Gyrus Based on Bionics

As an important part of the brain, the dentate gyrus has an irreplaceable effect in the process of memory generation. Therefore, the study of the dentate gyrus model has important significance in the study of brain function. This paper, combined with the real anatomical structure of the dentate gyrus, is based on the existing calculation model for studying the pathological state of the dentate gyrus, a network model of dentate gyrus based on bionics. Then, a simulation experiment on the normal dentate gyrus model is performed on the NEURON platform, the output of each neuron in the model is observed, and a conclusion that the improved model can respond to stimuli, generate action potentials, and transmit them along with the neural network is made. At the same time, the output results are compared with the existing pathological models, and the characteristics of the stimulus response between neurons in the dentate gyrus under normal physiological conditions are obtained. Finally, according to the semiquantitative classification definition and quantitative classification definition of the small-world network, the model is analyzed, and it is concluded that the improved dentate gyrus network model has small-world characteristics. Therefore, the neurons in the improved dentate gyrus model are tightly connected and can simulate the real dentate gyrus to a certain extent.

4M method – new application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to classification of meteorites. How it works?

Abstract4M method is a new application of Mössbauer spectroscopy to quantitative classification of ordinary chondrites. 4M derives from four words: meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance. This method was published by us in 2019. In this paper we present application of 4M method to classification of four meteorites. Link to script with calculation needed for classification of ordinary chondrites was given.

Mars, a molecule archive suite for reproducible analysis and reporting of single molecule properties from bioimages

The rapid development of new imaging approaches is generating larger and more complex datasets revealing the time evolution of individual cells and biomolecules. Single-molecule techniques, in particular, provide access to rare intermediates in complex, multistage molecular pathways, but few standards exist for processing these information-rich datasets, posing challenges for wider dissemination. Here, we present Mars, an open-source platform for storage and processing of image-derived properties of biomolecules. Mars provides Fiji/ImageJ2 commands written in Java for common single-molecule analysis tasks using a Molecule Archive architecture that is easily adapted to complex, multistep analysis workflows. Three diverse workflows involving molecule tracking, multichannel fluorescence imaging, and force spectroscopy, demonstrate the range of analysis applications. A comprehensive graphical user interface written in JavaFX enhances biomolecule feature exploration by providing charting, tagging, region highlighting, scriptable dashboards, and interactive image views. The interoperability of ImageJ2 ensures Molecule Archives can easily be opened in multiple environments, including those written in Python using PyImageJ, for interactive scripting and visualization. Mars provides a flexible solution for reproducible analysis of image-derived properties facilitating the discovery and quantitative classification of new biological phenomena with an open data format accessible to everyone.

Association between Quantitative Classification of Renal Surface Nodularity and Early Renal Injury in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

Objective To explore the association between quantitative classification of renal surface nodularity (qRSN) based on computed tomography (CT) imaging and early renal injury (ERI) in patients with aerial hypertension.Methods A total of 143 patients with a history of hypertension were retrospectively enrolled; clinical information (age, sex, hypertension grade, hypertension course, poorly controlled hypertension), laboratory tests and qRSN were collected or assessed. The subjects were divided into an ERI (n=60) or a control (CP, n=83) group according to ERI diagnosis based on the following criteria: cystatin C > 1.02 mg/L, creatinine ≤ 127 μmol/L, and urea nitrogen ≤ 8.3 mmol/L. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to examine the association between ERI and qRSN. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was produced to compare multiple logistic regression models with or without qRSN for differing the ERI group from the control group.Results In univariate analysis, hypertension grade, poorly controlled hypertension, hypertension course, triglycerides (TG) and qRSN were related to ERI in patients with arterial hypertension (all P<0.1), with strong interrater agreement of qRSN. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.705 in the model without qRSN and 0.789 in the model with qRSN, which was significantly different (Z=2.317, P=0.021).Conclusion CT imaging-based qRSN was associated with ERI in patients with arterial hypertension and may be an imaging biomarker of early renal injury.

Allopatric humpback whales of differing generations share call types between foraging and wintering grounds

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are a cosmopolitan baleen whale species with geographically isolated lineages. Despite last sharing an ancestor ~ 2–3 million years ago, Atlantic and Pacific foraging populations share five call types. Whether these call types are also shared between allopatric breeding and foraging populations is unclear, but would provide further evidence that some call types are ubiquitous and fixed. We investigated whether these five call types were present on a contemporary foraging ground (Newfoundland, 2015–2016) and a historic breeding ground (Hawaii, 1981–1982). Calls were classified using aural/visual (AV) characteristics; 16 relevant acoustic variables were measured and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to examine within-call and between-population variation. To assess whether between-population variation influenced classification, all 16 variables were included in classification and regression tree (CART) and random forest analyses (RF). All five call types were identified in both populations. Between-population variation in combined acoustic variables (PC1, PC2, PC3) was lower within call types than among call types, and high agreement between AV and quantitative classification (CART: 83% agreement; RF: 77% agreement) suggested that acoustic characteristics were more similar within than among call types. Findings indicate that these five call types are shared across allopatric populations, generations, and behavioural contexts.

The qualitative and quantitative classification of modern clastic marginal-marine depositional systems, Trinidad

ABSTRACT Trinidad's modern coastal depositional systems are for the first time documented by (traditional) descriptive and (modern) semiquantitative and quantitative classification methods. The processes controlling the morphology and distribution of these systems are also investigated. Google Earth™ satellite images, together with published basinal processes data (e.g., significant wave height, surface littoral currents, and tidal cyclicity) are used to describe system morphology, map depositional elements, and to determine the processes responsible for system distribution, respectively. Coastal depositional systems along Trinidad's east, south, and west coasts comprise deltas, estuaries, tidal-inlet complexes, strandplains, and tidal flats. Their distribution is controlled by the wave regime, although they are also influenced by tidal and fluvial processes. The wave regime changes from wave-dominated along the open east coast, to mixed-energy wave-dominated along the semi-sheltered south coast, and to mixed-energy tide-dominated along the sheltered west coast. Distribution of depositional systems related to this regime are such that the wave-dominated east coast sees the development of wave-dominated estuaries. The south coast has a series of wave-dominated, tide- and river-influenced deltas. The sheltered west coast is the most morphologically diverse with river- and wave-dominated deltas, strandplains, and tidal flats. The application of semiquantitative and quantitative classification methods on modern systems has showed their competence in classifying mixed-influence systems from their morphology and sedimentary record. Quantitative classification using depositional elements lends an appreciation to the morphological signatures of mixed-influence systems. Quantitative classification for sedimentary sections gives an appreciation of the preservation of mixed-influence physical processes. The combination of both allows the correlation of the impact of physical properties on morphology and sedimentary record (i.e., possible disparities between morphology and processes). The combination of semiquantitative and quantitative methods may also hold the key to unlocking the mixed-processes classification of depositional elements.

Classifying the Diversity of Urban Diversities: an Inductive Analysis of European Cities

This paper provides an empirical classification of migration-related diversities in 166 European cities. The local turn in migration studies has shown that migration-related diversity may take varied forms in different cities. Our understanding of how and why cities differ is lagging behind the wealth of existing conceptualisations. This is partly because most studies look only at one kind of city, in particular, superdiverse global cities. This paper takes a systematic inductive approach to map the diversity of migration-related diversities in urban setting and understand the reasons behind such variations. Applying quantitative classification methods to European cities in France, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, we search for a new meaningful classification of the urban diversity configurations based on measures of volume, variety and spread of migration-related diversity. Five empirical clusters of cities of migration are found: superdiverse cities, migrant minority cities, new diversity cities, low-migration cities and non-diverse cities. Subsequently, we develop a better qualitative understanding of these clusters by examining typical cities, their economic positioning, migration history, their policy and political structures, as well as their social and geographical position. A thorough classification, we argue, is necessary to have a more differentiated view of the existing urban diversities and go beyond one-size-fits-all solutions for urban governance of migration-related diversity.