Undervisning i förskolan:

The paper argues that Swedish preschool teachers tend to be depicted mainly as subjects for policy implementation when it comes to their mission to teach in preschool. Taking the perspective of inside-out-professionalism, the paper aims to make visible how preschool teachers have developed professional knowledge about teaching from within the preschool context. The methodology is based on content analysis of semi-structured interviews with ten experienced preschool teachers. Teaching is defined openly as a conscious arrangement for learning. Dewey’s notions of experience, environment and subject content further informed the interpretation of the results. Two main categories were discerned, both emphasising the experience and active participation of the child: identifying potential subject components in children’s experience, and arranging an environment in which the child becomes a part. Each main category further included two sub-categories. Thus the present issue of implementing teaching in preschool could gain from research on established preschool practice based on inside-out-professionalism and made visible through Dewey’s theorical lens.

Legal Act as the Subject of Mythologization: Remarks on the Reception of the JUST Act of 2017 in Poland

<p>The article presents a legal act as a potential subject of mythologization. The tools derived from the studies on political myth were used to describe a phenomenon that strictly belongs to the political and legal reality – the American JUST Act of 2017, which in recent years has caused many controversies in Polish public debate. While using the theoretical methods of the most notable researchers of the political myth, such as R. Barthes or E. Cassirer, it has been shown that legal acts, as well as their reception and interpretation, are not always<strong> </strong>based on rational forms of cognition. They can also be affected by a political myth and a mythical form of cognition, which is depicted in this study by means of methodology implemented from the studies on political myth. The article formulates interesting comments that may be useful for a better understanding of the phenomena on the border of Polish jurisprudence, political science and mythology.</p>

Artificial intelligence as a potential subject of property and intellectual property relations

The article analyzes the possibility to provide legal capacity to artificial intelligence, which would lead to the emergence of a new subject in legal relations. The aim of the article is to reveal whether it is possible to recognize, that artificial intelligence is able to have property and intellectual property rights. To achieve this aim, dialectical, comparative, dogmatic and legal methods are used. It is noted that according to recent studies, there are more and more grounds for recognizing artificial intelligence as subjects of legal relations. Particular attention in the article is paid to the specifics of the status of artificial intelligence in property relations. The consequences of empowering artificial intelligence with the right to property are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn on the appropriateness of such an approach, since this will solve the problem of liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence. The possibility of endowing artificial intelligence with property on the basis of trust before resolving the issue of its legal personality is proposed. Modern approaches to the problem of rights to objects of creativity created by artificial intelligence are considered in the article. The options for the distribution of rights to such objects are analyzed depending on the degree of human participation in their creation and on the level of complexity of the artificial intelligence that creates these objects. The general conclusion is made about the possibility to qualify artificial intelligence as a subject of legal relations, in particular, of property and intellectual property relations.

THE PHENOMENON OF ANTONOMASIA IN LANGUAGE AND SPEECH (BASED ON ENGLISH PRESS)

Antonomasia can not be confidently attributed to a single case of metonymy or metaphor, as antonomasia is based on whether similar or on adjacent identifying objects. In speech antonomasia is a stylistic device, namely, the conscious use of existing or creation of a new name, which is realized together with the given value and is subject-logical at the same time. This leads to the fact that the name not only identifies the object, but characterizes it differently. Depending on whether the common name is transferred to its own (that is, the basis of the new name of the own name is the subject-logical value of the existing common name) or the potential subject-logical value of the embodied name is obtained in the foreground, we distinguish two types of antonomasia. This option indicates not the primary referent of the name, but its characteristics, distinctive features. However, the reference equivalence remains, but may be gradually erased. If it completely disappears, it causes the creation of a new common name. Considering antonomasia from the position of the nomination act, we can characterize it both as a process, and as a result of nominative activity. It is also worth recognizing the difference between antonomasia that characterizes the unit of speech, i.e. its own name, which has a potential subject-logical value implemented in certain contexts, and antonomasia as a stylistic device, i.e., special use of the name in context to achieve certain pragmatic effects.

Epilogue

The book concludes with a brief discussion of Shakespeare’s second historical tetralogy: the one short-lived moment on the English stage which fully realizes the potential of the idea of a man-made etiology of politics through the figure of the ‘new prince’ who successfully establishes a new political order and a new dynasty. With particular focus on Richard II, I argue that even though Shakespeare, in the figure of Henry Bolingbroke, holds up for scrutiny what appears to be an exception to the usurper-tyrant overlap, by extending the central thesis of this book to this group of texts it can be shown that far from being an anomaly, in fact the operation of poiesis in political life is permitted legitimate theatrical expression in Shakespeare’s second tetralogy. A fuller analysis of this moment could be a potential subject for further research along the line of enquiry opened up in this book.

Conclusion

We have seen that the iconoclast council of 754 set forth an argument against the holy icons that St Theodore took very seriously. How is it possible to make a true image of the incarnate God? Christ united divine and human nature in Himself. One should expect then that an image would represent both these natures. However, we have seen that Theodore makes the rather obvious claim that it is not natures that are the subject of painting, it is the hypostasis. This, unfortunately, does not solve the problem, since the hypostasis of Christ is the hypostasis of the eternal Son of God, and this is obviously invisible. In order to solve this problem Theodore works out a Christological position of some complexity, the main elements of which are drawn from the tradition of Orthodox Christology. His purpose is to show that if Christ became a human being, He should assume and manifest a particularized humanity. Since that is what He did, He would also be a potential subject of painting. In fact, the painting of an icon of Christ is important, both as a witness to the Incarnation and as a means of contemplation. The last point is essential, since the icon gives access not only to the concrete humanity of Christ, but even creates a possibility for the human mind to ascend to God through contemplating the icon....