Data Mining Statewide Department of Transportation Volumetrically Designed Asphalt Mixture Records

In recent years, the asphalt paving industry has been strained by numerous factors including increased asphalt binder costs, funding that has not kept up with material costs, increased societal pressure to recycle, and deteriorating pavement networks. Mix design should account for the market in which it is used, which is very different now than when today’s volumetric mix design practices were developed (many of the aforementioned factors were less present). Given this reality, a statewide database of all 1,452 approved mix designs in Mississippi from 2005 to 2018 was compiled and analyzed, and the objective of this paper is to present findings, trends, and unintended consequences of exclusive reliance on volumetrics. With volumetrics-only mix design, asphalt content is primarily controlled by voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), which is influenced by aggregate bulk specific gravity (Gsb). Minor Gsb deviations (i.e., within AASHTO d2 s limits), can significantly affect VMA, so much so that 99% of Mississippi’s mixes could be failing VMA while reported VMA passes. This allows mix manipulation and economization, with 0.8% asphalt content reductions possible while still meeting volumetric requirements. Recycled materials can exacerbate this issue, and common approaches to increase asphalt content (decreasing design gyration level or using finer gradations) are ineffective with fixed VMA requirements. Overall, the mix design database analysis agrees with numerous smaller studies but does so with an entire state’s actual practice. This presents a compelling case that volumetrics-only mix design has limitations, and supports ongoing efforts to reintegrate mechanical tests.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SELF HEALING PADA LAPIS ASPAL BETON DENGAN LIMBAH BUBUTAN BAJA SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAH

Steel waste is waste generated from a large or small amount of steel production process. The results of steel waste disposal can pollute the environment if not done a good treatment and countermeasure so that it has value benefits. This study uses steel lathe waste additives to determine the self-healing ability of asphalt in the AC-WC mixture. Steel lathe waste used with varying degrees of steel lathe 0%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, 1% and asphalt content used by 5,5%. After obtaining the data used in the study, samples were made for asphalt mixtures with varying degrees. Then the finished sample is divided into 4 parts to be tested for temperature rise on each steel lathe mixture using a thermal camera. And tested using a threepoint bending test to determine the ability of asphalt selfhealing in the AC-WC mixture that occurs for 5 cycles with a heating duration of 20 seconds, 40 seconds, 60 seconds. From the results of the research on the content of a mixture of 0% steel lathe proved the sample can do self-healing but the results obtained are not as good as when using variations in the added ingredients of steel fiber mixture 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75% and 1%. ABSTRAKLimbah baja adalah buangan yang dihasilkan dari suatu proses produksi baja baik dalam jumlah yang besar atau sedikit. Hasil buangan limbah baja dapat mecemari lingkungan apabila tidak dilakukan pengolahan dan penanggulangan yang baik sehingga memiliki nilai manfaat. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tambahan limbah bubutan baja untuk dapat mengetahui kemampuan self healing aspal pada campuran AC-WC. Limbah bubutan baja yang digunakan dengan kadar variasi bubutan baja 0%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, 1% dan kadar aspal yang dipakai sebesar 5,5%. Setelah didapatkan data yang dipakai dalam penelitian dilakukan pembuatan sampel terhadap campuran aspal dengan variasi kadar. Kemudian sampel yang telah jadi di belah menjadi 4 bagian untuk diuji kenaikan temperatur pada setiap campuran bubutan baja dengan menggunakan kamera thermal. Serta diuji dengan menggunakan alat threepoint bending test untuk mengetahui kemampuan selfhealing aspal pada campuran AC-WC yang terjadi selama 5 siklus dengan durasi pemanasan 20 detik, 40 detik, 60 detik. Dari hasil penelitian pada kadar campuran bubutan baja 0% terbukti sampel dapat melakukan self healing tetapi hasil yang didapatkan tidak sebaik ketika menggunakan variasi bahan tambah campuran serat baja 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75% dan 1%.

Analysis Surface Structure Improvement of Runway Threshold 07-25 Using FAARFIELD

Runway or runway is an area used by aircraft to take off. The length of the runway depends on the size of the aircraft served. Runway has a pavement structure that can withstand the weight of an aircraft when it wants to fly. This study discusses the damage to the surface structure of the Threshold 07 and Threshold 25 runways at the Sultan Aji Muhammad Sulaiman (SAMS) runway in Sepinggan Balikpapan. Damage to the pavement surface often results from significant heat temperatures from the aircraft when taking off. Visual observations show that there are problems with the Threshold 07 and Threshold 25 pavement surfaces, the damage that occurs is the change in the surface shape of some segments, where the surface deformation eleves are up to 40 mm. Test results from Coredrill samples show that there are internal problems in the asphalt mixture, namely high asphalt content and low density value. By looking at the conditions above, there are problems caused by external and internal factors of the existing pavement, especially the surface conditions namely Threshold which is a location where the load is in MTOW conditions and the aircraft is moving slowly as well as high temperatures (environment and pavement)

Characteristics of Mixed Porus Asphalt with Combination of LDPE, CPO and PEN 60/70

The quality of the road depends on the pavement, drainage conditions, and materials. For this reason, it is necessary to make innovations in improving the quality of road pavement, one of which is increasing the material. There are many types of pavements, one of which is porous asphalt pavement. Porous asphalt has many cavities that is easy for water to pass but has a low stability value with high permeability. This research will utilize Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), as an additive, CPO, and Pen 60/70 in a porous asphalt mixture. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the porous asphalt mixture by substituting LDPE and CPO for Pen 60/70. The method used in analyzing the characteristics of the porous asphalt mixture refers to the specifications of the Australis Asphalt Pavement Association (AAPA) (2014), with parameters Camtabro Loss (CL), Asphalt Flow Down (AFD), VIM, stability and flow. The gradation used in this study is an open gradation. This research was started from determining the value of Optimum Asphalt Content (KAO), with two variations, namely Variation 1 (1% LDPE, 10% CPO, 89% pen 60/70), variation 2 (5% LDPE, 10% CPO, 85% Pens 60/70). The KAO value of variation 1 is 5.03% and the second variation is 4.75%. After obtaining the KAO value, LDPE and CPO are substituted. The test results for the porous asphalt mixture for CL values were 34.12% and 27.07%, respectively; AFD value of 0.13% and 0.12%; for the VIM value of 14.90% and 19.03%; stability value 603.24 kg and 603.19 kg; and flow values are 5.03 mm and 4.80 mm. In general, the value obtained from the test meets the required requirements. However, the durability value of the mixture did not meet the requirements, namely 60.15% and 48.22%, with the condition >90%.

Impact of Compaction Mode on Strength Properties of Sustainable Asphalt Concrete

Various modes of compacting the asphalt concrete mixture can createmechanically different behaviour of the prepared specimens and can alterits sustainability. An attempt has been made in the present assessment toprepare asphalt concrete specimens by implementation of three modesof compaction, the gyratory, the roller, and the Marshall hammer. Thespecimens were prepared at the target bulk density of Marshall methodat optimum asphalt content. Extra specimens were prepared at 0.5 %asphalt below and above the optimum. Core specimens have been obtainedfrom the roller compacted slab samples. The specimens were tested forthe Marshall stiffness, tensile, and shear strength. It was observed that atoptimum asphalt content, the indirect tensile strength declines by (18.8and 70.5) % for gyratory and roller compacted specimens respectively ascompared with hammer compacted specimens. At optimum asphalt content,the shear strength declines by (70.5 and 82.2) % while Marshall stiffnessdeclines by (10.2 and 44.8) % for hammer and roller compacted specimensas compared with that of gyratory compacted specimen. Specimensprepared by gyratory compaction are less susceptible to the change inthe testing temperature as compared with other modes of compaction. Itis recommended to consider the mode of compaction to suit the requireddesign property of sustainable asphalt concrete mixture.

Influence of Water Immersion on Stability of AC-WC Mixed with Gondorukem Additional Material

One of the treatments that can be given to asphalt mixtures to determine the durability of the mixture is by water immersion. This study aims to analyze the stability value of Marshall mixture of AC-WC (Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course) by using modified Asbuton as a binder and gondorukem as added material due to water immersion. The method used in this research is experimental in the laboratory. AC-WC mixture is produced using modified Asbuton as a binder (Retona Blend 55) at optimum asphalt content of 6.25% and gondorukem as an additive at 0.0% and 2.5% content. The treatment given to the mixture is by soaking water for 0, 1, 3 and 7 days. The treatment given to the mixture is by soaking water for 0, 1, 3 and 7 days. The results showed that the Marshall stability value decreased with increasing water immersion time. Decrease in Marshall stability values that occur in specimens with immersion time of 1, 3 and 7 days for specimens without immersion are 21.34%, 25.56% and 28.25%, respectively.

Volumetric Characteristics of HRS-WC Mixed Using Petroleum Bitumen Grade 60/70 as Binder

This study aims to determine the volumetric values consisting of VIM, VMA and VFB on the binder layer mixture using HRS-WC gradation using petroleum bitumen as a binder. The method used in this research is experimental method in laboratory. In this study, variations of asphalt content used were 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0% dan 7.5%. These variations were obtained from the calculation of effective asphalt level of 5.9%. The results show that the VIM values decreases along with the increase of bitumen content used. VIM values obtained were 6.69%, 5.82%, 5.18%, 4.42% and 3.34%, respectively. The VMA values obtained were 18.12%, 18.38%, 18.84%, 19.21% and 19.30% for each bitumen content. Besides that, the value of VFB is also taken into account and the values obtained for each quality of bitumen content are 63.10%, 68.41%, 72.57%, 76.99% and 82.71%.

Optimization Design of Mix Proportion of Large Stone Permeable Mixture Based on Target Air Voids

Through theoretical analysis, this paper preliminarily puts forward the optimization design method of a mix proportion large stone permeable mixture based on target voidage. The optimized large stone permeable mixture is abbreviated as OLSPM (optimization large stone permeable mixture). On this basis, the asphalt content was verified by leakage analysis experiment, and the molding method was determined by comparing the volume parameter changes and the appearance of the specimen in the molding process of both a Marshall compaction test and rotary compaction test. The final experimental analysis results show that the asphalt content calculated by this method can meet the technical requirements of leakage loss. The rotary compaction method is the suitable molding method for indoor cylindrical specimens of OLSPM, and the voidage is used as the index to control the compac-tion times of OLSPM. Under the same voidage, OLSPM-25 has more fine aggregates and thus leads to a relatively large amount of asphalt. In addition, the content of 4.75–19 mm coarse aggregate in its coarse aggregate is also higher than that of LSPM-25.

Influence of Number of Collisions Towards Asphalt Emulsion Mixture Stability Using Marshall Method (SNI 06-2489-1991)

The development of road construction in Indonesia recently increased. This resulted in demand of asphalt, which is one of the materials used in the pavement mix has also increased. Aspalt emulsion in Indonesia have been applied, but only to the adhesive layer and the absorption layer. The Public Works Department of the Directorate General Bina Marga has issued several guidelines to guide the implementation of cold mix asphalt work. The use of emulsion asphalt mixture technology which has a low temperature will reduce emissions, reduce the amount of energy consumption, and avoid oxidation. This study aims to analyze the value of the optimum asphalt content (KAO) mixture of emulsion asphalt CSS-1h and to analyze the effect of the number of collisions on the stability of the emulsion asphalt mixture. The results show that based on the relationship between the emulsion asphalt content and all Marshall and volumetric parameters, the optimum residual asphalt content is obtained. The emulsion is 5.5%. The impact of the collision on the stability value increases with the number of collisions. This test results in stability values of 1223.5 kg, 1373 kg and 1401.1 kg for normal specimens while for immersed test objects the remaining stability values are 51.7 kg, 59 kg, 68.2 kg. Based on the values obtained, this test is declared to meet the specifications for the cold mix emulsion asphalt.

Comparison Study Of Physical And Mechanical Properties Of AC-WC Mixtures And Porous Asphalt Mixtures With Variations Of Binding Materials

Pavement performance is influenced by the selection accuracy of material and gradation. AC-WC has good stability but low porosity, so that puddles often occur on the surface. While porous mixture has high porosity to reduce the puddles quickly but low stability. Therefore, modified asphalt is needed to improve the performance of the mixture. This paper presents of an experimental laboratory study on the physical and mechanical performance of AC-WC and Porous asphalt mixture with Starbit E-55 and Pen 60/70. Laboratory works start with a physical test of all the material used, then, tests to find optimum asphalt content are conducted. Finally, test on Marshall properties and Index of Retained Strength (IRS) were run. Results showed that Starbit is more resistant to temperature than Pen 60/70. AC-WC mixture with Starbit has greater air void, 11% greater stability, 13% greater MQ, and IRS of the mixtures using Starbit were higher than those with Pen 60/70. While the Porous mixture with Starbit has greater air void, 22% higher stability, 13% greater flow, 9% greater MQ compared to Pen 60/7. This proves that the use of Starbit is more effective for improving the structural and functional performance of AC-WC and Porous mixture.