scholarly journals Results of the integrated study of a large stone tool from the Upper Paleolithic site Suren I

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Natalia Skakun ◽  
◽  
Laura Longo ◽  
Vera Terekhina ◽  
Irina Pantyukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Large Stone

The materials of many Paleolithic sites in Eurasia contain large stone objects. As a rule, they retain their natural shape without any signs of artificial modification. However, the presence of characteristic use-wear features (polishing, linear traces, micro- and macrodeformations) unambiguously indicates that these stones served as tools. Multidisciplinary research, including an experimental and traceological approach, as well as analysis of organic micro-residues, make it possible to distinguish among the unmodified stone tools those that were used for processing plant raw materials. One of such tools is a large stone found in the lower layer of the Upper Paleolithic site Suren I** (Crimea). The results obtained in the course of the study suggest that the inhabitants of the site used plant materials in their household activities, as well as allow us to describe in detail the ways of adaptation of ancient people to the natural environment of the Crimean peninsula.

scholarly journals The influence of UV radiation on the property change of plant materials and their storability: A review

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
M.V. Trishkaneva ◽  
S.B. Tyurina ◽  
N.I. Fedyanina ◽  
Musatova
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

The review presents the analysis of effects of different ranges of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on physicochemical and organoleptic properties of certain types of fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms, as well as on changes in their storability. It provides the results of experimental studies and information from patent descriptions demonstrating significant changes in the properties and composition of plant objects after UV-treatment: an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, quercetin glycosides, chlorogenic and ascorbic acids, and an increased antioxidant activity. Available data allow us to conclude on the efficiency of applying UV radiation, both as an independent type of product treatment during storage and processing of plant raw materials, and as part of combined methods using other physical processing techniques (microwave radiation, fast electron processing, γ-radiation, sonication, thermal treatment, etc.). The effectiveness of UV radiation significantly depends on its range and processing modes. UV radiation, along with the sterilizing effect, has a thermal effect on the treated objects. This means that a long-term exposure to UV radiation causes significant heating, which must be taken into account when processing plant objects having a temperature below the ambient one as it can potentially amend their storability. The review discusses the issues of choosing optimal UV treatment modes (radiation dose and processing time) that improve storability of fruits, vegetables, mushrooms and other plant species while preserving their physicochemical and organoleptic quality parameters. In conclusion, the efficiency of the radiation dose is determined by the radiation power flux density, parameters of radiation sources and their location relative to the processed objects. Determination of the optimal conditions (radiation dose and processing time) of UV treatment of plant raw materials, depending on the goals, is an important scientific and technological task.

OPTIMIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANNING IN PROCESSING PLANT RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Irina V. Sobol ◽  
Anastasia V. Kazakevich ◽  
Lyudmila V. Donchenko ◽  
Vladimir G. Griguleckij
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Planning

The contribution of use -wear for stone tool identification at the Upper Paleolithic site Shuidonggou Locality 2, North China

2020 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiqi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Nicolas Zwyns ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Jialong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Use Wear

scholarly journals SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL TASKS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF PLANT WASTE IN THE RESHETNEV SI-BERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Edkham Shukriyevich Akbulatov ◽  
Aleksey Viktorovich Lyubyashkin ◽  
Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova ◽  
Yuriy Davydovich Alashkevich ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Isaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Chemical Technology ◽  
State University ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Business Structures

A special issue of the journal "Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials" published on the 65th anniversary of the department "Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology", the 90th anniversary of the Siberian State Technological University and the 60th anniversary of the Siberian State Aerospace University. The combination of the two largest and socio-economically significant universities ensured the creation in 2016 of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of science and technology. This is the first supporting university in Eastern Siberia, providing training for highly qualified specialists in more than 100 programs for the forestry, woodworking and chemical industries, aviation and space industry, mechanical engineering, scientific and financial organizations, international and Russian business structures, and the media. The introductory article presents a brief historical excursion, the main directions and prospects of scientific activity of the department “Chemical technology of wood and biotechnology”. They are related to solving the problem of deep complex processing of plant materials with the involvement of modern biological and chemical technologies.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals and Microelements in the System "Soil – Plant – Product of Plant Processing"

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
М.А. Сенченко ◽  
М.В. Степанова
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Additional Operation ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Plant Processing

В России при производстве национальных напитков и продуктов питания используют сырьё растительного происхождения. Многие участки для возделываемых культур расположены вблизи урбанизированных районов, нефтеперерабатывающих и машиностроительных заводов. Исследования посвящены определению тяжёлых металлов в почвах урбанизированных и сельских районов Ярославской области и проведены в 2019–2020 гг. Целью данного исследования является определение содержания некоторых микроэлементов и тяжёлых металлов в почве, ревене и продукте его переработки – квасе, произведённом разными способами (рассматривались 2 технологии: технология с дополнительной операцией «вымачивание стеблей ревеня» и «настаивание стеблей ревеня и дополнительных ингредиентов» и технология с дополнительной операцией «варка стеблей ревеня и дополнительных ингредиентов»). При исследовании загрязнения почвы микроэлементами и тяжёлыми металлами на всех территориях превышения предельно допустимых концентраций не выявлено. Установлено, что по величине среднего содержания в водной вытяжке почвы исследуемые элементы на всех рассмотренных территориях региона образуют следующий убывающий ряд: железо > свинец > цинк > медь > мышьяк > кадмий. Более высокие концентрации цинка, железа, кадмия, свинца и мышьяка выявлены в урбанизированной территории, а меди – в сельской территории. Анализ миграционной способности элементов в системе «почва – растение – продукция растительного происхождения» показал наличие плохой миграционной способности для цинка и железа. Использование растительного сырья, произведённого по технологии органического производства и по разработанной технологии переработки растительного сырья, способствовало наименьшему воздействию на его составные части, увеличению содержания макро- и микроэлементов. При этом содержание токсичных элементов остаётся в пределах действующих нормативных документов. Технология, включающая дополнительную операцию «варка», обеспечила наибольшую экстракцию макро- и микроэлементов из ревеня в квас. In Russia, raw materials of plant origin are used in the production of national beverages and food products. Many areas for cultivated crops are located near urbanized areas, oil refineries and mechanical engineering plants. Researches are devoted to the definition of heavy metals in soils of urbanized and rural areas of the Yaroslavl region and were carried out in 2019–2020. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of some microelements and heavy metals in soil, rhubarb and its processing product – kvass produced in various ways (2 technologies were considered: technology with an additional operation "soaking rhubarb stems" and "infusing rhubarb stems and additional ingredients" and technology with an additional operation "boiling rhubarb stems and additional ingredients"). When investigating soil contamination with microelements and heavy metals in all territories, no excess of maximum permissible concentrations was found. It was established that in terms of the average content in the water extract of the soil, the examined elements in all the considered territories of the region form the following decreasing series: iron > lead > zinc > copper > arsenic > cadmium. Higher concentrations of zinc, iron, cadmium, lead and arsenic were found in urbanized territory, and copper in rural territory. An analysis of the migration ability of elements in the system "soil – plant – product of plant processing" showed the presence of poor migration ability for zinc and iron. The use of plant raw materials produced according to the organic production technology and the developed technology for processing plant raw materials contributed to the least impact on its components, an increase in the content of macro- and microelements. At the same time, the content of toxic elements remains within the limits of existing regulatory documents. The technology, including an additional "boiling" operation, ensured the greatest extraction of macro- and microelements from rhubarb to kvass.

INTEGRATED USE OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE PROTEINS IN SAUSAGE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
A.L. Alekseev ◽  
◽  
T.V. Alekseeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Plant Materials

The article presents the research results obtained during the development of the technology for production of combined sausages using a vegetable-derived additive – LUPISAN lupine flour from “OOO Protein PLUS” (St. Petersburg). Under the conditions of a deteriorating environmental situation and the increase in incidence of the population of the Russian Federation, it became necessary to create biologically complete functional food products with additional functions, useful nutritional and physiological characteristics, based on the integrated use of raw materials of animal and vegetable origin. The use of plant materials in the production of meat products allows not only enriching them with functional ingredients and increasing digestibility, but also obtaining products that meet physiological nutritional standards. Having a complex chemical composition, plants have a beneficial therapeutic effect on the human body. Research was carried out at the Department of Food Technology of the Don State Agrarian University, in the testing laboratory of the Shakhty branch of the Rostov “SBBZh” and at the meat processing plant “TaVr-Zimovniki”. Basing on the conducted comprehensive studies, the effectiveness of using vegetable protein supplement based on lupine flour “LUPISAN” in the production technology of semi-smoked sausages is substantiated. It is established that in terms of quality and safety, LUPISAN meets the requirements for additives of plant origin, it is a genetically unmodified, kosher product (has the appropriate certificates). It is dispersible both in oil and in water and can be used as a natural emulsifier without labeling with the index "E". The analysis of the chemical composition and nutritional value of flour from lupine indicates that the flour contains a significant amount of complete protein is 36–40%; in addition, a rather high content of dietary fiber is noted: dietary fiber is 30–35%. It is a strong antioxidant, it does not contain gluten and cholesterol; there are no inhibitors – substances that delay the digestion process and inhibit the absorption of beneficial substances by the body, and there are glycoproteins – substances that can replace insulin. An optimal dose of introducing a protein supplement based on lupine flour into sausage stuffing is proposed, which is 10% by weight of unsalted raw materials, which makes it possible to obtain a finished product with high organoleptic quality indicators and functional properties.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF CARBOXYMETHYLATED PLANT MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена (Yelena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Калюта (Kalyuta) ◽  
Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich) Маркин (Markin) ◽  
Михаил (Mikhail) Ильич (Il'ich) Мальцев (Mal'tsev)
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The development of new plant growth regulators based on products of chemical processing of plant raw materials is currently an urgent task for increasing yields in agricultural production. On the basis of carboxymethylated plant materials, "Eco-Stim" plant growth regulator has been developed. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the storage conditions of solutions of carboxymethylated plant materials in "Eco-Stim" as part of the preparation on their rheological and growth-regulating properties. The rheological properties of the aqueous systems of carboxymethylated pine, sunflower, and oat chaff have been studied at concentrations of 0.2–15%. It is established that the change in viscosity as a result of the shear rate of the systems studied is more complex in comparison with aqueous solutions of Na-CMC. Storage of solutions of carboxymethylated vegetable raw materials for 20 months, as well as the processes of freezing and thawing for 6–9 weeks have practically no effect on the viscosity and growth regulating properties of carboxymethylated vegetable raw materials. The studied systems make it possible to increase the germination of wheat seeds Omskaya-36 to 80–87% and to increase the length of the root by 4–10 times and the stem by 1.5–2 times compared to the control.

scholarly journals THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE KORMAN’ 9

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Kulakovska ◽  
V. I. Usyk ◽  
P. Haesarts ◽  
S. Pirson ◽  
O. M. Kononenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Level I ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The 1960S

Near the village of Korman’ (Sokyryany district, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine) several Palaeolithic sites are known. In the 1960s and 70s, O. P. Chernysh conducted archaeological studies of the site Korman’ IV. In 2012 the new Palaeolithic site named as Korman’ 9 was discovered by the Dniester Palaeolithic expedition of the IA NASU. A preliminary fieldwork season was conducted in 2013. The main research focused on the chronostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental study of the site. In the approximately 4 metres thick Quaternary deposits (dating to the late Pleniglacial), three Upper Paleolithic levels were observed. The main raw materials used by late Pelistocene humans were local Turonian and Cenomanian flint. The faunal remains in all levels are dominated by reindeer. In level I two fireplaces were recorded. One about 1 m in diameter has a layer of burnt loess at its bottom with a thickness of about 10 cm. The collection of 932 lithic artifacts comprises cores, tools, blanks, chips, and chunks. The primary knapping is characterized by parallel uni- and bi-directional blade, bladelet and microblade production. The tools (n = 92) are dominated by backed bladelets / microblades (n = 69). There is a single endscraper, and the few burins are represented by dihedral burins (n = 2), one bruin on a a break and one on a truncation. Other tools represented are bilaterally retouched points, borer, combination tool and retouched pieces. Additionally, in level I, the following personal ornaments were found: one pendant of amber, one pendant of fox tooth, one pendant of a perforated shell and three shell beads. Level II. A collection of 20 flint artifacts is presented exclusively by the products of primary flaking. In level III, a small number of flint artifacts (n = 67) were recovered, including two cores, one endscraper, and three retouched pieces. The lithic industry of level I, according to the technical-typological characteristic and chronostratigraphic position, can be attributed to the Epi-Gravettian technocomplex. It is possible, that the collection of level II also belongs to the same technocomplex, but due to the small number of finds, the authors refrain from concrete conclusions. Collection of level III on the base of morphological features can be attributed to the Gravettian technocomplex and is currently undated.

scholarly journals Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-28
Author(s):  
Е. V. Zvezdina ◽  
J. V. Dayronas ◽  
I. I. Bochkareva ◽  
I. N. Zilfikarov ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Neurotropic Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L., which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.

scholarly journals MODERN INNOVATIVE STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS (REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
S. V. Glazkov ◽  
S. V. Koptsev ◽  
N. A. Lesnikova ◽  
V. V. Bogdanova ◽  
T. K. Volodarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes modern technologies for storing fruit and vegetable products and presents possible options for their modernization. From this perspective, the improvement of canning technology using non-traditional methods of processing plant raw materials is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow preserving fruit and vegetable products, reduce the amount of waste and reduce the impact of vegetable processing plants on natural water bodies. Fruits and vegetables are perishable products and require special storage conditions from the moment they are available for sale to purchase by consumers. Keeping them fresh for as long as possible is quite a challenge, as some plants are able to continue maturing even after packaging and produce ethylene, which initiates certain changes in texture and color, tissue degradation. The authors pay special attention to the aspects of innovative technologies in the creation of edible films and coatings, which are currently the only type of biodegradable polymer packaging that does not require individual collection and special conditions of disposal. This is their main difference from traditional biodegradable plastics, which were originally proposed as an alternative to synthetic polymeric materials, and all were convinced that their creation once and for all will solve the problem of waste polymer packaging, which today threatens to become a global environmental disaster. At the same time, they are always more expensive than conventional plastics, in many cases can not be subjected to joint recycling; being in the deep layers of the landfill, they emit greenhouse gas methane. In addition, the raw materials for biodegradable plastics are provided by the same soil and water resources on which food is grown today (except for a very small amount of plastics produced from agricultural waste), and therefore their raw material base will always be limited. Recommendations are formulated on the organization of effective conservation of plant raw materials, intended for further processing or sale in retail and wholesale trade networks.

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